Apply async Sync optimization to Z4c_class using Sync_start/finish pattern

Replaces blocking Parallel::Sync + MPI_Allreduce in Z4c_class Step() with
non-blocking MPI_Iallreduce overlapped with Sync_start/Sync_finish, matching
the pattern already used in bssn_class on cjy-oneapi-opus-hotfix. Covers both ABEtype==2
and CPBC variants (predictor + corrector = 4 call sites).

Cherry-picked optimization from afd4006, adapted to SyncCache
infrastructure instead of the separate SyncPlan API.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

AMSS_NCKU_Program.py

@@ -8,6 +8,14 @@
 ##
 ##################################################################
 
+## Guard against re-execution by multiprocessing child processes.
+## Without this, using 'spawn' or 'forkserver' context would cause every
+## worker to re-run the entire script, spawning exponentially more
+## workers (fork bomb).
+if __name__ != '__main__':
+    import sys as _sys
+    _sys.exit(0)
+
 
 ##################################################################
 
@@ -424,26 +432,31 @@ print(
 
 import plot_xiaoqu
 import plot_GW_strain_amplitude_xiaoqu
+from parallel_plot_helper import run_plot_tasks_parallel
+
+plot_tasks = []
 
 ## Plot black hole trajectory
-plot_xiaoqu.generate_puncture_orbit_plot(   binary_results_directory, figure_directory )
-plot_xiaoqu.generate_puncture_orbit_plot3D( binary_results_directory, figure_directory )
+plot_tasks.append( ( plot_xiaoqu.generate_puncture_orbit_plot,   (binary_results_directory, figure_directory) ) )
+plot_tasks.append( ( plot_xiaoqu.generate_puncture_orbit_plot3D, (binary_results_directory, figure_directory) ) )
 
 ## Plot black hole separation vs. time
-plot_xiaoqu.generate_puncture_distence_plot( binary_results_directory, figure_directory )
+plot_tasks.append( ( plot_xiaoqu.generate_puncture_distence_plot, (binary_results_directory, figure_directory) ) )
 
 ## Plot gravitational waveforms (psi4 and strain amplitude)
 for i in range(input_data.Detector_Number):
-    plot_xiaoqu.generate_gravitational_wave_psi4_plot( binary_results_directory, figure_directory, i )
-    plot_GW_strain_amplitude_xiaoqu.generate_gravitational_wave_amplitude_plot( binary_results_directory, figure_directory, i )
+    plot_tasks.append( ( plot_xiaoqu.generate_gravitational_wave_psi4_plot, (binary_results_directory, figure_directory, i) ) )
+    plot_tasks.append( ( plot_GW_strain_amplitude_xiaoqu.generate_gravitational_wave_amplitude_plot, (binary_results_directory, figure_directory, i) ) )
 
 ## Plot ADM mass evolution
 for i in range(input_data.Detector_Number):
-    plot_xiaoqu.generate_ADMmass_plot( binary_results_directory, figure_directory, i )
+    plot_tasks.append( ( plot_xiaoqu.generate_ADMmass_plot, (binary_results_directory, figure_directory, i) ) )
 
 ## Plot Hamiltonian constraint violation over time
 for i in range(input_data.grid_level):
-    plot_xiaoqu.generate_constraint_check_plot( binary_results_directory, figure_directory, i )
+    plot_tasks.append( ( plot_xiaoqu.generate_constraint_check_plot, (binary_results_directory, figure_directory, i) ) )
+
+run_plot_tasks_parallel(plot_tasks)
 
 ## Plot stored binary data
 plot_xiaoqu.generate_binary_data_plot( binary_results_directory, figure_directory )

AMSS_NCKU_source/MPatch.C

@@ -341,8 +341,9 @@ void Patch::Interp_Points(MyList<var> *VarList,
                           double *Shellf, int Symmetry)
 {
   // NOTE: we do not Synchnize variables here, make sure of that before calling this routine
-  int myrank;
+  int myrank, nprocs;
   MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &myrank);
+  MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &nprocs);
 
   int ordn = 2 * ghost_width;
   MyList<var> *varl;
@@ -354,24 +355,18 @@ void Patch::Interp_Points(MyList<var> *VarList,
     varl = varl->next;
   }
 
-  double *shellf;
-  shellf = new double[NN * num_var];
-  memset(shellf, 0, sizeof(double) * NN * num_var);
+  memset(Shellf, 0, sizeof(double) * NN * num_var);
 
-  // we use weight to monitor code, later some day we can move it for optimization
-  int *weight;
-  weight = new int[NN];
-  memset(weight, 0, sizeof(int) * NN);
-
-  double *DH, *llb, *uub;
-  DH = new double[dim];
+  // owner_rank[j] records which MPI rank owns point j
+  // All ranks traverse the same block list so they all agree on ownership
+  int *owner_rank;
+  owner_rank = new int[NN];
+  for (int j = 0; j < NN; j++)
+    owner_rank[j] = -1;
 
+  double DH[dim], llb[dim], uub[dim];
   for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++)
-  {
     DH[i] = getdX(i);
-  }
-  llb = new double[dim];
-  uub = new double[dim];
 
   for (int j = 0; j < NN; j++) // run along points
   {
@@ -403,12 +398,6 @@ void Patch::Interp_Points(MyList<var> *VarList,
       bool flag = true;
       for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++)
       {
-// NOTE: our dividing structure is (exclude ghost)
-// -1 0
-//       1  2
-// so (0,1) does not belong to any part for vertex structure
-// here we put (0,0.5) to left part and (0.5,1) to right part
-// BUT for cell structure the bbox is (-1.5,0.5) and (0.5,2.5), there is no missing region at all
 #ifdef Vertex
 #ifdef Cell
 #error Both Cell and Vertex are defined
@@ -433,6 +422,7 @@ void Patch::Interp_Points(MyList<var> *VarList,
       if (flag)
       {
         notfind = false;
+        owner_rank[j] = BP->rank;
         if (myrank == BP->rank)
         {
           //---> interpolation
@@ -440,14 +430,11 @@ void Patch::Interp_Points(MyList<var> *VarList,
           int k = 0;
           while (varl) // run along variables
           {
-            //              shellf[j*num_var+k] = Parallel::global_interp(dim,BP->shape,BP->X,BP->fgfs[varl->data->sgfn],
-            //	  		                                    pox,ordn,varl->data->SoA,Symmetry);
-            f_global_interp(BP->shape, BP->X[0], BP->X[1], BP->X[2], BP->fgfs[varl->data->sgfn], shellf[j * num_var + k],
+            f_global_interp(BP->shape, BP->X[0], BP->X[1], BP->X[2], BP->fgfs[varl->data->sgfn], Shellf[j * num_var + k],
                             pox[0], pox[1], pox[2], ordn, varl->data->SoA, Symmetry);
             varl = varl->next;
             k++;
           }
-          weight[j] = 1;
         }
       }
       if (Bp == ble)
@@ -456,103 +443,327 @@ void Patch::Interp_Points(MyList<var> *VarList,
     }
   }
 
-  MPI_Allreduce(shellf, Shellf, NN * num_var, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  int *Weight;
-  Weight = new int[NN];
-  MPI_Allreduce(weight, Weight, NN, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-
-  //  misc::tillherecheck("print me");
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < NN; i++)
+  // Replace MPI_Allreduce with per-owner MPI_Bcast:
+  // Group consecutive points by owner rank and broadcast each group.
+  // Since each point's data is non-zero only on the owner rank,
+  // Bcast from owner is equivalent to Allreduce(MPI_SUM) but much cheaper.
   {
-    if (Weight[i] > 1)
+    int j = 0;
+    while (j < NN)
     {
-      if (myrank == 0)
-        cout << "WARNING: Patch::Interp_Points meets multiple weight" << endl;
-      for (int j = 0; j < num_var; j++)
-        Shellf[j + i * num_var] = Shellf[j + i * num_var] / Weight[i];
+      int cur_owner = owner_rank[j];
+      if (cur_owner < 0)
+      {
+        if (myrank == 0)
+        {
+          cout << "ERROR: Patch::Interp_Points fails to find point (";
+          for (int d = 0; d < dim; d++)
+          {
+            cout << XX[d][j];
+            if (d < dim - 1)
+              cout << ",";
+            else
+              cout << ")";
+          }
+          cout << " on Patch (";
+          for (int d = 0; d < dim; d++)
+          {
+            cout << bbox[d] << "+" << lli[d] * DH[d];
+            if (d < dim - 1)
+              cout << ",";
+            else
+              cout << ")--";
+          }
+          cout << "(";
+          for (int d = 0; d < dim; d++)
+          {
+            cout << bbox[dim + d] << "-" << uui[d] * DH[d];
+            if (d < dim - 1)
+              cout << ",";
+            else
+              cout << ")" << endl;
+          }
+          MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
+        }
+        j++;
+        continue;
+      }
+      // Find contiguous run of points with the same owner
+      int jstart = j;
+      while (j < NN && owner_rank[j] == cur_owner)
+        j++;
+      int count = (j - jstart) * num_var;
+      MPI_Bcast(Shellf + jstart * num_var, count, MPI_DOUBLE, cur_owner, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
     }
-    else if (Weight[i] == 0 && myrank == 0)
+  }
+
+  delete[] owner_rank;
+}
+void Patch::Interp_Points(MyList<var> *VarList,
+                          int NN, double **XX,
+                          double *Shellf, int Symmetry,
+                          int Nmin_consumer, int Nmax_consumer)
+{
+  // Targeted point-to-point overload: each owner sends each point only to
+  // the one rank that needs it for integration (consumer), reducing
+  // communication volume by ~nprocs times compared to the Bcast version.
+  int myrank, nprocs;
+  MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &myrank);
+  MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &nprocs);
+
+  int ordn = 2 * ghost_width;
+  MyList<var> *varl;
+  int num_var = 0;
+  varl = VarList;
+  while (varl)
+  {
+    num_var++;
+    varl = varl->next;
+  }
+
+  memset(Shellf, 0, sizeof(double) * NN * num_var);
+
+  // owner_rank[j] records which MPI rank owns point j
+  int *owner_rank;
+  owner_rank = new int[NN];
+  for (int j = 0; j < NN; j++)
+    owner_rank[j] = -1;
+
+  double DH[dim], llb[dim], uub[dim];
+  for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++)
+    DH[i] = getdX(i);
+
+  // --- Interpolation phase (identical to original) ---
+  for (int j = 0; j < NN; j++)
+  {
+    double pox[dim];
+    for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++)
+    {
+      pox[i] = XX[i][j];
+      if (myrank == 0 && (XX[i][j] < bbox[i] + lli[i] * DH[i] || XX[i][j] > bbox[dim + i] - uui[i] * DH[i]))
+      {
+        cout << "Patch::Interp_Points: point (";
+        for (int k = 0; k < dim; k++)
+        {
+          cout << XX[k][j];
+          if (k < dim - 1)
+            cout << ",";
+          else
+            cout << ") is out of current Patch." << endl;
+        }
+        MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
+      }
+    }
+
+    MyList<Block> *Bp = blb;
+    bool notfind = true;
+    while (notfind && Bp)
+    {
+      Block *BP = Bp->data;
+
+      bool flag = true;
+      for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++)
+      {
+#ifdef Vertex
+#ifdef Cell
+#error Both Cell and Vertex are defined
+#endif
+        llb[i] = (feq(BP->bbox[i], bbox[i], DH[i] / 2)) ? BP->bbox[i] + lli[i] * DH[i] : BP->bbox[i] + (ghost_width - 0.5) * DH[i];
+        uub[i] = (feq(BP->bbox[dim + i], bbox[dim + i], DH[i] / 2)) ? BP->bbox[dim + i] - uui[i] * DH[i] : BP->bbox[dim + i] - (ghost_width - 0.5) * DH[i];
+#else
+#ifdef Cell
+        llb[i] = (feq(BP->bbox[i], bbox[i], DH[i] / 2)) ? BP->bbox[i] + lli[i] * DH[i] : BP->bbox[i] + ghost_width * DH[i];
+        uub[i] = (feq(BP->bbox[dim + i], bbox[dim + i], DH[i] / 2)) ? BP->bbox[dim + i] - uui[i] * DH[i] : BP->bbox[dim + i] - ghost_width * DH[i];
+#else
+#error Not define Vertex nor Cell
+#endif
+#endif
+        if (XX[i][j] - llb[i] < -DH[i] / 2 || XX[i][j] - uub[i] > DH[i] / 2)
+        {
+          flag = false;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (flag)
+      {
+        notfind = false;
+        owner_rank[j] = BP->rank;
+        if (myrank == BP->rank)
+        {
+          varl = VarList;
+          int k = 0;
+          while (varl)
+          {
+            f_global_interp(BP->shape, BP->X[0], BP->X[1], BP->X[2], BP->fgfs[varl->data->sgfn], Shellf[j * num_var + k],
+                            pox[0], pox[1], pox[2], ordn, varl->data->SoA, Symmetry);
+            varl = varl->next;
+            k++;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (Bp == ble)
+        break;
+      Bp = Bp->next;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // --- Error check for unfound points ---
+  for (int j = 0; j < NN; j++)
+  {
+    if (owner_rank[j] < 0 && myrank == 0)
     {
       cout << "ERROR: Patch::Interp_Points fails to find point (";
-      for (int j = 0; j < dim; j++)
+      for (int d = 0; d < dim; d++)
       {
-        cout << XX[j][i];
-        if (j < dim - 1)
+        cout << XX[d][j];
+        if (d < dim - 1)
           cout << ",";
         else
           cout << ")";
       }
       cout << " on Patch (";
-      for (int j = 0; j < dim; j++)
+      for (int d = 0; d < dim; d++)
       {
-        cout << bbox[j] << "+" << lli[j] * getdX(j);
-        if (j < dim - 1)
+        cout << bbox[d] << "+" << lli[d] * DH[d];
+        if (d < dim - 1)
           cout << ",";
         else
           cout << ")--";
       }
       cout << "(";
-      for (int j = 0; j < dim; j++)
+      for (int d = 0; d < dim; d++)
       {
-        cout << bbox[dim + j] << "-" << uui[j] * getdX(j);
-        if (j < dim - 1)
+        cout << bbox[dim + d] << "-" << uui[d] * DH[d];
+        if (d < dim - 1)
           cout << ",";
         else
           cout << ")" << endl;
       }
-#if 0
-       checkBlock();
-#else
-      cout << "splited domains:" << endl;
-      {
-        MyList<Block> *Bp = blb;
-        while (Bp)
-        {
-          Block *BP = Bp->data;
-
-          for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++)
-          {
-#ifdef Vertex
-#ifdef Cell
-#error Both Cell and Vertex are defined
-#endif
-            llb[i] = (feq(BP->bbox[i], bbox[i], DH[i] / 2)) ? BP->bbox[i] + lli[i] * DH[i] : BP->bbox[i] + (ghost_width - 0.5) * DH[i];
-            uub[i] = (feq(BP->bbox[dim + i], bbox[dim + i], DH[i] / 2)) ? BP->bbox[dim + i] - uui[i] * DH[i] : BP->bbox[dim + i] - (ghost_width - 0.5) * DH[i];
-#else
-#ifdef Cell
-            llb[i] = (feq(BP->bbox[i], bbox[i], DH[i] / 2)) ? BP->bbox[i] + lli[i] * DH[i] : BP->bbox[i] + ghost_width * DH[i];
-            uub[i] = (feq(BP->bbox[dim + i], bbox[dim + i], DH[i] / 2)) ? BP->bbox[dim + i] - uui[i] * DH[i] : BP->bbox[dim + i] - ghost_width * DH[i];
-#else
-#error Not define Vertex nor Cell
-#endif
-#endif
-          }
-          cout << "(";
-          for (int j = 0; j < dim; j++)
-          {
-            cout << llb[j] << ":" << uub[j];
-            if (j < dim - 1)
-              cout << ",";
-            else
-              cout << ")" << endl;
-          }
-          if (Bp == ble)
-            break;
-          Bp = Bp->next;
-        }
-      }
-#endif
       MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
     }
   }
 
-  delete[] shellf;
-  delete[] weight;
-  delete[] Weight;
-  delete[] DH;
-  delete[] llb;
-  delete[] uub;
+  // --- Targeted point-to-point communication phase ---
+  // Compute consumer_rank[j] using the same deterministic formula as surface_integral
+  int *consumer_rank = new int[NN];
+  {
+    int mp = NN / nprocs;
+    int Lp = NN - nprocs * mp;
+    for (int j = 0; j < NN; j++)
+    {
+      if (j < Lp * (mp + 1))
+        consumer_rank[j] = j / (mp + 1);
+      else
+        consumer_rank[j] = Lp + (j - Lp * (mp + 1)) / mp;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Count sends and recvs per rank
+  int *send_count = new int[nprocs];
+  int *recv_count = new int[nprocs];
+  memset(send_count, 0, sizeof(int) * nprocs);
+  memset(recv_count, 0, sizeof(int) * nprocs);
+
+  for (int j = 0; j < NN; j++)
+  {
+    int own = owner_rank[j];
+    int con = consumer_rank[j];
+    if (own == con)
+      continue; // local — no communication needed
+    if (own == myrank)
+      send_count[con]++;
+    if (con == myrank)
+      recv_count[own]++;
+  }
+
+  // Build send buffers: for each destination rank, pack (index, data) pairs
+  // Each entry: 1 int (point index j) + num_var doubles
+  int total_send = 0, total_recv = 0;
+  int *send_offset = new int[nprocs];
+  int *recv_offset = new int[nprocs];
+  for (int r = 0; r < nprocs; r++)
+  {
+    send_offset[r] = total_send;
+    total_send += send_count[r];
+    recv_offset[r] = total_recv;
+    total_recv += recv_count[r];
+  }
+
+  // Pack send buffers: each message contains (j, data[0..num_var-1]) per point
+  int stride = 1 + num_var; // 1 double for index + num_var doubles for data
+  double *sendbuf = new double[total_send * stride];
+  double *recvbuf = new double[total_recv * stride];
+
+  // Temporary counters for packing
+  int *pack_pos = new int[nprocs];
+  memset(pack_pos, 0, sizeof(int) * nprocs);
+
+  for (int j = 0; j < NN; j++)
+  {
+    int own = owner_rank[j];
+    int con = consumer_rank[j];
+    if (own != myrank || con == myrank)
+      continue;
+    int pos = (send_offset[con] + pack_pos[con]) * stride;
+    sendbuf[pos] = (double)j; // point index
+    for (int v = 0; v < num_var; v++)
+      sendbuf[pos + 1 + v] = Shellf[j * num_var + v];
+    pack_pos[con]++;
+  }
+
+  // Post non-blocking recvs and sends
+  int n_req = 0;
+  for (int r = 0; r < nprocs; r++)
+  {
+    if (recv_count[r] > 0) n_req++;
+    if (send_count[r] > 0) n_req++;
+  }
+
+  MPI_Request *reqs = new MPI_Request[n_req];
+  int req_idx = 0;
+
+  for (int r = 0; r < nprocs; r++)
+  {
+    if (recv_count[r] > 0)
+    {
+      MPI_Irecv(recvbuf + recv_offset[r] * stride,
+                recv_count[r] * stride, MPI_DOUBLE,
+                r, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &reqs[req_idx++]);
+    }
+  }
+  for (int r = 0; r < nprocs; r++)
+  {
+    if (send_count[r] > 0)
+    {
+      MPI_Isend(sendbuf + send_offset[r] * stride,
+                send_count[r] * stride, MPI_DOUBLE,
+                r, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &reqs[req_idx++]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (n_req > 0)
+    MPI_Waitall(n_req, reqs, MPI_STATUSES_IGNORE);
+
+  // Unpack recv buffers into Shellf
+  for (int i = 0; i < total_recv; i++)
+  {
+    int pos = i * stride;
+    int j = (int)recvbuf[pos];
+    for (int v = 0; v < num_var; v++)
+      Shellf[j * num_var + v] = recvbuf[pos + 1 + v];
+  }
+
+  delete[] reqs;
+  delete[] sendbuf;
+  delete[] recvbuf;
+  delete[] pack_pos;
+  delete[] send_offset;
+  delete[] recv_offset;
+  delete[] send_count;
+  delete[] recv_count;
+  delete[] consumer_rank;
+  delete[] owner_rank;
 }
 void Patch::Interp_Points(MyList<var> *VarList,
                           int NN, double **XX,
@@ -573,24 +784,22 @@ void Patch::Interp_Points(MyList<var> *VarList,
     varl = varl->next;
   }
 
-  double *shellf;
-  shellf = new double[NN * num_var];
-  memset(shellf, 0, sizeof(double) * NN * num_var);
+  memset(Shellf, 0, sizeof(double) * NN * num_var);
 
-  // we use weight to monitor code, later some day we can move it for optimization
-  int *weight;
-  weight = new int[NN];
-  memset(weight, 0, sizeof(int) * NN);
+  // owner_rank[j] stores the global rank that owns point j
+  int *owner_rank;
+  owner_rank = new int[NN];
+  for (int j = 0; j < NN; j++)
+    owner_rank[j] = -1;
 
-  double *DH, *llb, *uub;
-  DH = new double[dim];
+  // Build global-to-local rank translation for Comm_here
+  MPI_Group world_group, local_group;
+  MPI_Comm_group(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &world_group);
+  MPI_Comm_group(Comm_here, &local_group);
 
+  double DH[dim], llb[dim], uub[dim];
   for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++)
-  {
     DH[i] = getdX(i);
-  }
-  llb = new double[dim];
-  uub = new double[dim];
 
   for (int j = 0; j < NN; j++) // run along points
   {
@@ -622,12 +831,6 @@ void Patch::Interp_Points(MyList<var> *VarList,
       bool flag = true;
       for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++)
       {
-// NOTE: our dividing structure is (exclude ghost)
-// -1 0
-//       1  2
-// so (0,1) does not belong to any part for vertex structure
-// here we put (0,0.5) to left part and (0.5,1) to right part
-// BUT for cell structure the bbox is (-1.5,0.5) and (0.5,2.5), there is no missing region at all
 #ifdef Vertex
 #ifdef Cell
 #error Both Cell and Vertex are defined
@@ -652,6 +855,7 @@ void Patch::Interp_Points(MyList<var> *VarList,
       if (flag)
       {
         notfind = false;
+        owner_rank[j] = BP->rank;
         if (myrank == BP->rank)
         {
           //---> interpolation
@@ -659,14 +863,11 @@ void Patch::Interp_Points(MyList<var> *VarList,
           int k = 0;
           while (varl) // run along variables
           {
-            //              shellf[j*num_var+k] = Parallel::global_interp(dim,BP->shape,BP->X,BP->fgfs[varl->data->sgfn],
-            //	  		                                    pox,ordn,varl->data->SoA,Symmetry);
-            f_global_interp(BP->shape, BP->X[0], BP->X[1], BP->X[2], BP->fgfs[varl->data->sgfn], shellf[j * num_var + k],
+            f_global_interp(BP->shape, BP->X[0], BP->X[1], BP->X[2], BP->fgfs[varl->data->sgfn], Shellf[j * num_var + k],
                             pox[0], pox[1], pox[2], ordn, varl->data->SoA, Symmetry);
             varl = varl->next;
             k++;
           }
-          weight[j] = 1;
         }
       }
       if (Bp == ble)
@@ -675,97 +876,35 @@ void Patch::Interp_Points(MyList<var> *VarList,
     }
   }
 
-  MPI_Allreduce(shellf, Shellf, NN * num_var, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, Comm_here);
-  int *Weight;
-  Weight = new int[NN];
-  MPI_Allreduce(weight, Weight, NN, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, Comm_here);
-
-  //  misc::tillherecheck("print me");
-  //  if(lmyrank == 0) cout<<"myrank = "<<myrank<<"print me"<<endl;
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < NN; i++)
+  // Collect unique global owner ranks and translate to local ranks in Comm_here
+  // Then broadcast each owner's points via MPI_Bcast on Comm_here
   {
-    if (Weight[i] > 1)
+    int j = 0;
+    while (j < NN)
     {
-      if (lmyrank == 0)
-        cout << "WARNING: Patch::Interp_Points meets multiple weight" << endl;
-      for (int j = 0; j < num_var; j++)
-        Shellf[j + i * num_var] = Shellf[j + i * num_var] / Weight[i];
+      int cur_owner_global = owner_rank[j];
+      if (cur_owner_global < 0)
+      {
+        // Point not found — skip (error check disabled for sub-communicator levels)
+        j++;
+        continue;
+      }
+      // Translate global rank to local rank in Comm_here
+      int cur_owner_local;
+      MPI_Group_translate_ranks(world_group, 1, &cur_owner_global, local_group, &cur_owner_local);
+
+      // Find contiguous run of points with the same owner
+      int jstart = j;
+      while (j < NN && owner_rank[j] == cur_owner_global)
+        j++;
+      int count = (j - jstart) * num_var;
+      MPI_Bcast(Shellf + jstart * num_var, count, MPI_DOUBLE, cur_owner_local, Comm_here);
     }
-#if 0 // for not involved levels, this may fail     
-     else if(Weight[i] == 0 && lmyrank == 0)
-     {
-       cout<<"ERROR: Patch::Interp_Points fails to find point (";
-       for(int j=0;j<dim;j++)
-       {
-	  cout<<XX[j][i];
-	  if(j<dim-1) cout<<",";
-	  else        cout<<")";
-       }
-       cout<<" on Patch (";
-       for(int j=0;j<dim;j++)
-       {
-	  cout<<bbox[j]<<"+"<<lli[j]*getdX(j);
-	  if(j<dim-1) cout<<",";
-	  else        cout<<")--";
-       }
-       cout<<"(";
-       for(int j=0;j<dim;j++)
-       {
-	  cout<<bbox[dim+j]<<"-"<<uui[j]*getdX(j);
-	  if(j<dim-1) cout<<",";
-	  else        cout<<")"<<endl;
-       }
-#if 0
-       checkBlock();
-#else
-  cout<<"splited domains:"<<endl;
-  {
-     MyList<Block> *Bp=blb;
-     while(Bp)
-     {
-	Block *BP=Bp->data;
-
-	for(int i=0;i<dim;i++)
-	{
-#ifdef Vertex
-#ifdef Cell
-#error Both Cell and Vertex are defined
-#endif    
-          llb[i] = (feq(BP->bbox[i]    ,bbox[i]    ,DH[i]/2)) ? BP->bbox[i]+lli[i]*DH[i]     : BP->bbox[i]    +(ghost_width-0.5)*DH[i];
-          uub[i] = (feq(BP->bbox[dim+i],bbox[dim+i],DH[i]/2)) ? BP->bbox[dim+i]-uui[i]*DH[i] : BP->bbox[dim+i]-(ghost_width-0.5)*DH[i];
-#else
-#ifdef Cell
-          llb[i] = (feq(BP->bbox[i]    ,bbox[i]    ,DH[i]/2)) ? BP->bbox[i]+lli[i]*DH[i]     : BP->bbox[i]    +ghost_width*DH[i];
-          uub[i] = (feq(BP->bbox[dim+i],bbox[dim+i],DH[i]/2)) ? BP->bbox[dim+i]-uui[i]*DH[i] : BP->bbox[dim+i]-ghost_width*DH[i];
-#else
-#error Not define Vertex nor Cell
-#endif
-#endif 
-	}       
-       cout<<"(";
-       for(int j=0;j<dim;j++)
-       {
-	  cout<<llb[j]<<":"<<uub[j];
-	  if(j<dim-1) cout<<",";
-	  else        cout<<")"<<endl;
-       }
-	if(Bp == ble) break;
-	Bp=Bp->next;
-     }
-  }
-#endif       
-       MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD,1);
-     }
-#endif
   }
 
-  delete[] shellf;
-  delete[] weight;
-  delete[] Weight;
-  delete[] DH;
-  delete[] llb;
-  delete[] uub;
+  MPI_Group_free(&world_group);
+  MPI_Group_free(&local_group);
+  delete[] owner_rank;
 }
 void Patch::checkBlock()
 {

AMSS_NCKU_source/MPatch.h

@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ public:
 
    bool Find_Point(double *XX);
 
+   void Interp_Points(MyList<var> *VarList,
+                      int NN, double **XX,
+                      double *Shellf, int Symmetry,
+                      int Nmin_consumer, int Nmax_consumer);
    void Interp_Points(MyList<var> *VarList,
                       int NN, double **XX,
                       double *Shellf, int Symmetry, MPI_Comm Comm_here);

AMSS_NCKU_source/Parallel.C

@@ -3756,6 +3756,502 @@ void Parallel::Sync(MyList<Patch> *PatL, MyList<var> *VarList, int Symmetry)
   delete[] transfer_src;
   delete[] transfer_dst;
 }
+// Merged Sync: collect all intra-patch and inter-patch grid segment lists,
+// then issue a single transfer() call instead of N+1 separate ones.
+void Parallel::Sync_merged(MyList<Patch> *PatL, MyList<var> *VarList, int Symmetry)
+{
+  int cpusize;
+  MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &cpusize);
+
+  MyList<Parallel::gridseg> **combined_src = new MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *[cpusize];
+  MyList<Parallel::gridseg> **combined_dst = new MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *[cpusize];
+  for (int node = 0; node < cpusize; node++)
+    combined_src[node] = combined_dst[node] = 0;
+
+  // Phase A: Intra-patch ghost exchange segments
+  MyList<Patch> *Pp = PatL;
+  while (Pp)
+  {
+    Patch *Pat = Pp->data;
+    MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *dst_ghost = build_ghost_gsl(Pat);
+
+    for (int node = 0; node < cpusize; node++)
+    {
+      MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *src_owned = build_owned_gsl0(Pat, node);
+      MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *tsrc = 0, *tdst = 0;
+      build_gstl(src_owned, dst_ghost, &tsrc, &tdst);
+
+      if (tsrc)
+      {
+        if (combined_src[node])
+          combined_src[node]->catList(tsrc);
+        else
+          combined_src[node] = tsrc;
+      }
+      if (tdst)
+      {
+        if (combined_dst[node])
+          combined_dst[node]->catList(tdst);
+        else
+          combined_dst[node] = tdst;
+      }
+
+      if (src_owned)
+        src_owned->destroyList();
+    }
+
+    if (dst_ghost)
+      dst_ghost->destroyList();
+
+    Pp = Pp->next;
+  }
+
+  // Phase B: Inter-patch buffer exchange segments
+  MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *dst_buffer = build_buffer_gsl(PatL);
+  for (int node = 0; node < cpusize; node++)
+  {
+    MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *src_owned = build_owned_gsl(PatL, node, 5, Symmetry);
+    MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *tsrc = 0, *tdst = 0;
+    build_gstl(src_owned, dst_buffer, &tsrc, &tdst);
+
+    if (tsrc)
+    {
+      if (combined_src[node])
+        combined_src[node]->catList(tsrc);
+      else
+        combined_src[node] = tsrc;
+    }
+    if (tdst)
+    {
+      if (combined_dst[node])
+        combined_dst[node]->catList(tdst);
+      else
+        combined_dst[node] = tdst;
+    }
+
+    if (src_owned)
+      src_owned->destroyList();
+  }
+  if (dst_buffer)
+    dst_buffer->destroyList();
+
+  // Phase C: Single transfer
+  transfer(combined_src, combined_dst, VarList, VarList, Symmetry);
+
+  // Phase D: Cleanup
+  for (int node = 0; node < cpusize; node++)
+  {
+    if (combined_src[node])
+      combined_src[node]->destroyList();
+    if (combined_dst[node])
+      combined_dst[node]->destroyList();
+  }
+  delete[] combined_src;
+  delete[] combined_dst;
+}
+// SyncCache constructor
+Parallel::SyncCache::SyncCache()
+    : valid(false), cpusize(0), combined_src(0), combined_dst(0),
+      send_lengths(0), recv_lengths(0), send_bufs(0), recv_bufs(0),
+      send_buf_caps(0), recv_buf_caps(0), reqs(0), stats(0), max_reqs(0),
+      lengths_valid(false)
+{
+}
+// SyncCache invalidate: free grid segment lists but keep buffers
+void Parallel::SyncCache::invalidate()
+{
+  if (!valid)
+    return;
+  for (int i = 0; i < cpusize; i++)
+  {
+    if (combined_src[i])
+      combined_src[i]->destroyList();
+    if (combined_dst[i])
+      combined_dst[i]->destroyList();
+    combined_src[i] = combined_dst[i] = 0;
+    send_lengths[i] = recv_lengths[i] = 0;
+  }
+  valid = false;
+  lengths_valid = false;
+}
+// SyncCache destroy: free everything
+void Parallel::SyncCache::destroy()
+{
+  invalidate();
+  if (combined_src) delete[] combined_src;
+  if (combined_dst) delete[] combined_dst;
+  if (send_lengths) delete[] send_lengths;
+  if (recv_lengths) delete[] recv_lengths;
+  if (send_buf_caps) delete[] send_buf_caps;
+  if (recv_buf_caps) delete[] recv_buf_caps;
+  for (int i = 0; i < cpusize; i++)
+  {
+    if (send_bufs && send_bufs[i]) delete[] send_bufs[i];
+    if (recv_bufs && recv_bufs[i]) delete[] recv_bufs[i];
+  }
+  if (send_bufs) delete[] send_bufs;
+  if (recv_bufs) delete[] recv_bufs;
+  if (reqs) delete[] reqs;
+  if (stats) delete[] stats;
+  combined_src = combined_dst = 0;
+  send_lengths = recv_lengths = 0;
+  send_buf_caps = recv_buf_caps = 0;
+  send_bufs = recv_bufs = 0;
+  reqs = 0; stats = 0;
+  cpusize = 0; max_reqs = 0;
+}
+// transfer_cached: reuse pre-allocated buffers from SyncCache
+void Parallel::transfer_cached(MyList<Parallel::gridseg> **src, MyList<Parallel::gridseg> **dst,
+                               MyList<var> *VarList1, MyList<var> *VarList2,
+                               int Symmetry, SyncCache &cache)
+{
+  int myrank;
+  MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &cache.cpusize);
+  MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &myrank);
+  int cpusize = cache.cpusize;
+
+  int req_no = 0;
+  int node;
+
+  for (node = 0; node < cpusize; node++)
+  {
+    if (node == myrank)
+    {
+      int length = data_packer(0, src[myrank], dst[myrank], node, PACK, VarList1, VarList2, Symmetry);
+      cache.recv_lengths[node] = length;
+      if (length > 0)
+      {
+        if (length > cache.recv_buf_caps[node])
+        {
+          if (cache.recv_bufs[node]) delete[] cache.recv_bufs[node];
+          cache.recv_bufs[node] = new double[length];
+          cache.recv_buf_caps[node] = length;
+        }
+        data_packer(cache.recv_bufs[node], src[myrank], dst[myrank], node, PACK, VarList1, VarList2, Symmetry);
+      }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      // send
+      int slength = data_packer(0, src[myrank], dst[myrank], node, PACK, VarList1, VarList2, Symmetry);
+      cache.send_lengths[node] = slength;
+      if (slength > 0)
+      {
+        if (slength > cache.send_buf_caps[node])
+        {
+          if (cache.send_bufs[node]) delete[] cache.send_bufs[node];
+          cache.send_bufs[node] = new double[slength];
+          cache.send_buf_caps[node] = slength;
+        }
+        data_packer(cache.send_bufs[node], src[myrank], dst[myrank], node, PACK, VarList1, VarList2, Symmetry);
+        MPI_Isend((void *)cache.send_bufs[node], slength, MPI_DOUBLE, node, 1, MPI_COMM_WORLD, cache.reqs + req_no++);
+      }
+      // recv
+      int rlength = data_packer(0, src[node], dst[node], node, UNPACK, VarList1, VarList2, Symmetry);
+      cache.recv_lengths[node] = rlength;
+      if (rlength > 0)
+      {
+        if (rlength > cache.recv_buf_caps[node])
+        {
+          if (cache.recv_bufs[node]) delete[] cache.recv_bufs[node];
+          cache.recv_bufs[node] = new double[rlength];
+          cache.recv_buf_caps[node] = rlength;
+        }
+        MPI_Irecv((void *)cache.recv_bufs[node], rlength, MPI_DOUBLE, node, 1, MPI_COMM_WORLD, cache.reqs + req_no++);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  MPI_Waitall(req_no, cache.reqs, cache.stats);
+
+  for (node = 0; node < cpusize; node++)
+    if (cache.recv_bufs[node] && cache.recv_lengths[node] > 0)
+      data_packer(cache.recv_bufs[node], src[node], dst[node], node, UNPACK, VarList1, VarList2, Symmetry);
+}
+// Sync_cached: build grid segment lists on first call, reuse on subsequent calls
+void Parallel::Sync_cached(MyList<Patch> *PatL, MyList<var> *VarList, int Symmetry, SyncCache &cache)
+{
+  if (!cache.valid)
+  {
+    int cpusize;
+    MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &cpusize);
+    cache.cpusize = cpusize;
+
+    // Allocate cache arrays if needed
+    if (!cache.combined_src)
+    {
+      cache.combined_src = new MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *[cpusize];
+      cache.combined_dst = new MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *[cpusize];
+      cache.send_lengths = new int[cpusize];
+      cache.recv_lengths = new int[cpusize];
+      cache.send_bufs = new double *[cpusize];
+      cache.recv_bufs = new double *[cpusize];
+      cache.send_buf_caps = new int[cpusize];
+      cache.recv_buf_caps = new int[cpusize];
+      for (int i = 0; i < cpusize; i++)
+      {
+        cache.send_bufs[i] = cache.recv_bufs[i] = 0;
+        cache.send_buf_caps[i] = cache.recv_buf_caps[i] = 0;
+      }
+      cache.max_reqs = 2 * cpusize;
+      cache.reqs = new MPI_Request[cache.max_reqs];
+      cache.stats = new MPI_Status[cache.max_reqs];
+    }
+
+    for (int node = 0; node < cpusize; node++)
+    {
+      cache.combined_src[node] = cache.combined_dst[node] = 0;
+      cache.send_lengths[node] = cache.recv_lengths[node] = 0;
+    }
+
+    // Build intra-patch segments (same as Sync_merged Phase A)
+    MyList<Patch> *Pp = PatL;
+    while (Pp)
+    {
+      Patch *Pat = Pp->data;
+      MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *dst_ghost = build_ghost_gsl(Pat);
+      for (int node = 0; node < cpusize; node++)
+      {
+        MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *src_owned = build_owned_gsl0(Pat, node);
+        MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *tsrc = 0, *tdst = 0;
+        build_gstl(src_owned, dst_ghost, &tsrc, &tdst);
+        if (tsrc)
+        {
+          if (cache.combined_src[node])
+            cache.combined_src[node]->catList(tsrc);
+          else
+            cache.combined_src[node] = tsrc;
+        }
+        if (tdst)
+        {
+          if (cache.combined_dst[node])
+            cache.combined_dst[node]->catList(tdst);
+          else
+            cache.combined_dst[node] = tdst;
+        }
+        if (src_owned) src_owned->destroyList();
+      }
+      if (dst_ghost) dst_ghost->destroyList();
+      Pp = Pp->next;
+    }
+
+    // Build inter-patch segments (same as Sync_merged Phase B)
+    MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *dst_buffer = build_buffer_gsl(PatL);
+    for (int node = 0; node < cpusize; node++)
+    {
+      MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *src_owned = build_owned_gsl(PatL, node, 5, Symmetry);
+      MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *tsrc = 0, *tdst = 0;
+      build_gstl(src_owned, dst_buffer, &tsrc, &tdst);
+      if (tsrc)
+      {
+        if (cache.combined_src[node])
+          cache.combined_src[node]->catList(tsrc);
+        else
+          cache.combined_src[node] = tsrc;
+      }
+      if (tdst)
+      {
+        if (cache.combined_dst[node])
+          cache.combined_dst[node]->catList(tdst);
+        else
+          cache.combined_dst[node] = tdst;
+      }
+      if (src_owned) src_owned->destroyList();
+    }
+    if (dst_buffer) dst_buffer->destroyList();
+
+    cache.valid = true;
+  }
+
+  // Use cached lists with buffer-reusing transfer
+  transfer_cached(cache.combined_src, cache.combined_dst, VarList, VarList, Symmetry, cache);
+}
+// Sync_start: pack and post MPI_Isend/Irecv, return immediately
+void Parallel::Sync_start(MyList<Patch> *PatL, MyList<var> *VarList, int Symmetry,
+                          SyncCache &cache, AsyncSyncState &state)
+{
+  // Ensure cache is built
+  if (!cache.valid)
+  {
+    // Build cache (same logic as Sync_cached)
+    int cpusize;
+    MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &cpusize);
+    cache.cpusize = cpusize;
+
+    if (!cache.combined_src)
+    {
+      cache.combined_src = new MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *[cpusize];
+      cache.combined_dst = new MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *[cpusize];
+      cache.send_lengths = new int[cpusize];
+      cache.recv_lengths = new int[cpusize];
+      cache.send_bufs = new double *[cpusize];
+      cache.recv_bufs = new double *[cpusize];
+      cache.send_buf_caps = new int[cpusize];
+      cache.recv_buf_caps = new int[cpusize];
+      for (int i = 0; i < cpusize; i++)
+      {
+        cache.send_bufs[i] = cache.recv_bufs[i] = 0;
+        cache.send_buf_caps[i] = cache.recv_buf_caps[i] = 0;
+      }
+      cache.max_reqs = 2 * cpusize;
+      cache.reqs = new MPI_Request[cache.max_reqs];
+      cache.stats = new MPI_Status[cache.max_reqs];
+    }
+
+    for (int node = 0; node < cpusize; node++)
+    {
+      cache.combined_src[node] = cache.combined_dst[node] = 0;
+      cache.send_lengths[node] = cache.recv_lengths[node] = 0;
+    }
+
+    MyList<Patch> *Pp = PatL;
+    while (Pp)
+    {
+      Patch *Pat = Pp->data;
+      MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *dst_ghost = build_ghost_gsl(Pat);
+      for (int node = 0; node < cpusize; node++)
+      {
+        MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *src_owned = build_owned_gsl0(Pat, node);
+        MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *tsrc = 0, *tdst = 0;
+        build_gstl(src_owned, dst_ghost, &tsrc, &tdst);
+        if (tsrc)
+        {
+          if (cache.combined_src[node])
+            cache.combined_src[node]->catList(tsrc);
+          else
+            cache.combined_src[node] = tsrc;
+        }
+        if (tdst)
+        {
+          if (cache.combined_dst[node])
+            cache.combined_dst[node]->catList(tdst);
+          else
+            cache.combined_dst[node] = tdst;
+        }
+        if (src_owned) src_owned->destroyList();
+      }
+      if (dst_ghost) dst_ghost->destroyList();
+      Pp = Pp->next;
+    }
+
+    MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *dst_buffer = build_buffer_gsl(PatL);
+    for (int node = 0; node < cpusize; node++)
+    {
+      MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *src_owned = build_owned_gsl(PatL, node, 5, Symmetry);
+      MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *tsrc = 0, *tdst = 0;
+      build_gstl(src_owned, dst_buffer, &tsrc, &tdst);
+      if (tsrc)
+      {
+        if (cache.combined_src[node])
+          cache.combined_src[node]->catList(tsrc);
+        else
+          cache.combined_src[node] = tsrc;
+      }
+      if (tdst)
+      {
+        if (cache.combined_dst[node])
+          cache.combined_dst[node]->catList(tdst);
+        else
+          cache.combined_dst[node] = tdst;
+      }
+      if (src_owned) src_owned->destroyList();
+    }
+    if (dst_buffer) dst_buffer->destroyList();
+    cache.valid = true;
+  }
+
+  // Now pack and post async MPI operations
+  int myrank;
+  MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &myrank);
+  int cpusize = cache.cpusize;
+  state.req_no = 0;
+  state.active = true;
+
+  MyList<Parallel::gridseg> **src = cache.combined_src;
+  MyList<Parallel::gridseg> **dst = cache.combined_dst;
+
+  for (int node = 0; node < cpusize; node++)
+  {
+    if (node == myrank)
+    {
+      int length;
+      if (!cache.lengths_valid) {
+        length = data_packer(0, src[myrank], dst[myrank], node, PACK, VarList, VarList, Symmetry);
+        cache.recv_lengths[node] = length;
+      } else {
+        length = cache.recv_lengths[node];
+      }
+      if (length > 0)
+      {
+        if (length > cache.recv_buf_caps[node])
+        {
+          if (cache.recv_bufs[node]) delete[] cache.recv_bufs[node];
+          cache.recv_bufs[node] = new double[length];
+          cache.recv_buf_caps[node] = length;
+        }
+        data_packer(cache.recv_bufs[node], src[myrank], dst[myrank], node, PACK, VarList, VarList, Symmetry);
+      }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      int slength;
+      if (!cache.lengths_valid) {
+        slength = data_packer(0, src[myrank], dst[myrank], node, PACK, VarList, VarList, Symmetry);
+        cache.send_lengths[node] = slength;
+      } else {
+        slength = cache.send_lengths[node];
+      }
+      if (slength > 0)
+      {
+        if (slength > cache.send_buf_caps[node])
+        {
+          if (cache.send_bufs[node]) delete[] cache.send_bufs[node];
+          cache.send_bufs[node] = new double[slength];
+          cache.send_buf_caps[node] = slength;
+        }
+        data_packer(cache.send_bufs[node], src[myrank], dst[myrank], node, PACK, VarList, VarList, Symmetry);
+        MPI_Isend((void *)cache.send_bufs[node], slength, MPI_DOUBLE, node, 2, MPI_COMM_WORLD, cache.reqs + state.req_no++);
+      }
+      int rlength;
+      if (!cache.lengths_valid) {
+        rlength = data_packer(0, src[node], dst[node], node, UNPACK, VarList, VarList, Symmetry);
+        cache.recv_lengths[node] = rlength;
+      } else {
+        rlength = cache.recv_lengths[node];
+      }
+      if (rlength > 0)
+      {
+        if (rlength > cache.recv_buf_caps[node])
+        {
+          if (cache.recv_bufs[node]) delete[] cache.recv_bufs[node];
+          cache.recv_bufs[node] = new double[rlength];
+          cache.recv_buf_caps[node] = rlength;
+        }
+        MPI_Irecv((void *)cache.recv_bufs[node], rlength, MPI_DOUBLE, node, 2, MPI_COMM_WORLD, cache.reqs + state.req_no++);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  cache.lengths_valid = true;
+}
+// Sync_finish: wait for async MPI operations and unpack
+void Parallel::Sync_finish(SyncCache &cache, AsyncSyncState &state,
+                           MyList<var> *VarList, int Symmetry)
+{
+  if (!state.active)
+    return;
+
+  MPI_Waitall(state.req_no, cache.reqs, cache.stats);
+
+  int cpusize = cache.cpusize;
+  MyList<Parallel::gridseg> **src = cache.combined_src;
+  MyList<Parallel::gridseg> **dst = cache.combined_dst;
+
+  for (int node = 0; node < cpusize; node++)
+    if (cache.recv_bufs[node] && cache.recv_lengths[node] > 0)
+      data_packer(cache.recv_bufs[node], src[node], dst[node], node, UNPACK, VarList, VarList, Symmetry);
+
+  state.active = false;
+}
 // collect buffer grid segments or blocks for the periodic boundary condition of given patch
 // ---------------------------------------------------
 // |con |                                       |con |
@@ -4790,6 +5286,203 @@ void Parallel::OutBdLow2Himix(MyList<Patch> *PatcL, MyList<Patch> *PatfL,
   delete[] transfer_src;
   delete[] transfer_dst;
 }
+
+// Restrict_cached: cache grid segment lists, reuse buffers via transfer_cached
+void Parallel::Restrict_cached(MyList<Patch> *PatcL, MyList<Patch> *PatfL,
+                               MyList<var> *VarList1, MyList<var> *VarList2,
+                               int Symmetry, SyncCache &cache)
+{
+  if (!cache.valid)
+  {
+    int cpusize;
+    MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &cpusize);
+    cache.cpusize = cpusize;
+
+    if (!cache.combined_src)
+    {
+      cache.combined_src = new MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *[cpusize];
+      cache.combined_dst = new MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *[cpusize];
+      cache.send_lengths = new int[cpusize];
+      cache.recv_lengths = new int[cpusize];
+      cache.send_bufs = new double *[cpusize];
+      cache.recv_bufs = new double *[cpusize];
+      cache.send_buf_caps = new int[cpusize];
+      cache.recv_buf_caps = new int[cpusize];
+      for (int i = 0; i < cpusize; i++)
+      {
+        cache.send_bufs[i] = cache.recv_bufs[i] = 0;
+        cache.send_buf_caps[i] = cache.recv_buf_caps[i] = 0;
+      }
+      cache.max_reqs = 2 * cpusize;
+      cache.reqs = new MPI_Request[cache.max_reqs];
+      cache.stats = new MPI_Status[cache.max_reqs];
+    }
+
+    MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *dst = build_complete_gsl(PatcL);
+    for (int node = 0; node < cpusize; node++)
+    {
+      MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *src_owned = build_owned_gsl(PatfL, node, 2, Symmetry);
+      build_gstl(src_owned, dst, &cache.combined_src[node], &cache.combined_dst[node]);
+      if (src_owned) src_owned->destroyList();
+    }
+    if (dst) dst->destroyList();
+
+    cache.valid = true;
+  }
+
+  transfer_cached(cache.combined_src, cache.combined_dst, VarList1, VarList2, Symmetry, cache);
+}
+
+// OutBdLow2Hi_cached: cache grid segment lists, reuse buffers via transfer_cached
+void Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi_cached(MyList<Patch> *PatcL, MyList<Patch> *PatfL,
+                                  MyList<var> *VarList1, MyList<var> *VarList2,
+                                  int Symmetry, SyncCache &cache)
+{
+  if (!cache.valid)
+  {
+    int cpusize;
+    MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &cpusize);
+    cache.cpusize = cpusize;
+
+    if (!cache.combined_src)
+    {
+      cache.combined_src = new MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *[cpusize];
+      cache.combined_dst = new MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *[cpusize];
+      cache.send_lengths = new int[cpusize];
+      cache.recv_lengths = new int[cpusize];
+      cache.send_bufs = new double *[cpusize];
+      cache.recv_bufs = new double *[cpusize];
+      cache.send_buf_caps = new int[cpusize];
+      cache.recv_buf_caps = new int[cpusize];
+      for (int i = 0; i < cpusize; i++)
+      {
+        cache.send_bufs[i] = cache.recv_bufs[i] = 0;
+        cache.send_buf_caps[i] = cache.recv_buf_caps[i] = 0;
+      }
+      cache.max_reqs = 2 * cpusize;
+      cache.reqs = new MPI_Request[cache.max_reqs];
+      cache.stats = new MPI_Status[cache.max_reqs];
+    }
+
+    MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *dst = build_buffer_gsl(PatfL);
+    for (int node = 0; node < cpusize; node++)
+    {
+      MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *src_owned = build_owned_gsl(PatcL, node, 4, Symmetry);
+      build_gstl(src_owned, dst, &cache.combined_src[node], &cache.combined_dst[node]);
+      if (src_owned) src_owned->destroyList();
+    }
+    if (dst) dst->destroyList();
+
+    cache.valid = true;
+  }
+
+  transfer_cached(cache.combined_src, cache.combined_dst, VarList1, VarList2, Symmetry, cache);
+}
+
+// OutBdLow2Himix_cached: same as OutBdLow2Hi_cached but uses transfermix for unpacking
+void Parallel::OutBdLow2Himix_cached(MyList<Patch> *PatcL, MyList<Patch> *PatfL,
+                                     MyList<var> *VarList1, MyList<var> *VarList2,
+                                     int Symmetry, SyncCache &cache)
+{
+  if (!cache.valid)
+  {
+    int cpusize;
+    MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &cpusize);
+    cache.cpusize = cpusize;
+
+    if (!cache.combined_src)
+    {
+      cache.combined_src = new MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *[cpusize];
+      cache.combined_dst = new MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *[cpusize];
+      cache.send_lengths = new int[cpusize];
+      cache.recv_lengths = new int[cpusize];
+      cache.send_bufs = new double *[cpusize];
+      cache.recv_bufs = new double *[cpusize];
+      cache.send_buf_caps = new int[cpusize];
+      cache.recv_buf_caps = new int[cpusize];
+      for (int i = 0; i < cpusize; i++)
+      {
+        cache.send_bufs[i] = cache.recv_bufs[i] = 0;
+        cache.send_buf_caps[i] = cache.recv_buf_caps[i] = 0;
+      }
+      cache.max_reqs = 2 * cpusize;
+      cache.reqs = new MPI_Request[cache.max_reqs];
+      cache.stats = new MPI_Status[cache.max_reqs];
+    }
+
+    MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *dst = build_buffer_gsl(PatfL);
+    for (int node = 0; node < cpusize; node++)
+    {
+      MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *src_owned = build_owned_gsl(PatcL, node, 4, Symmetry);
+      build_gstl(src_owned, dst, &cache.combined_src[node], &cache.combined_dst[node]);
+      if (src_owned) src_owned->destroyList();
+    }
+    if (dst) dst->destroyList();
+
+    cache.valid = true;
+  }
+
+  // Use transfermix instead of transfer for mix-mode interpolation
+  int myrank;
+  MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &cache.cpusize);
+  MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &myrank);
+  int cpusize = cache.cpusize;
+
+  int req_no = 0;
+  for (int node = 0; node < cpusize; node++)
+  {
+    if (node == myrank)
+    {
+      int length = data_packermix(0, cache.combined_src[myrank], cache.combined_dst[myrank], node, PACK, VarList1, VarList2, Symmetry);
+      cache.recv_lengths[node] = length;
+      if (length > 0)
+      {
+        if (length > cache.recv_buf_caps[node])
+        {
+          if (cache.recv_bufs[node]) delete[] cache.recv_bufs[node];
+          cache.recv_bufs[node] = new double[length];
+          cache.recv_buf_caps[node] = length;
+        }
+        data_packermix(cache.recv_bufs[node], cache.combined_src[myrank], cache.combined_dst[myrank], node, PACK, VarList1, VarList2, Symmetry);
+      }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      int slength = data_packermix(0, cache.combined_src[myrank], cache.combined_dst[myrank], node, PACK, VarList1, VarList2, Symmetry);
+      cache.send_lengths[node] = slength;
+      if (slength > 0)
+      {
+        if (slength > cache.send_buf_caps[node])
+        {
+          if (cache.send_bufs[node]) delete[] cache.send_bufs[node];
+          cache.send_bufs[node] = new double[slength];
+          cache.send_buf_caps[node] = slength;
+        }
+        data_packermix(cache.send_bufs[node], cache.combined_src[myrank], cache.combined_dst[myrank], node, PACK, VarList1, VarList2, Symmetry);
+        MPI_Isend((void *)cache.send_bufs[node], slength, MPI_DOUBLE, node, 1, MPI_COMM_WORLD, cache.reqs + req_no++);
+      }
+      int rlength = data_packermix(0, cache.combined_src[node], cache.combined_dst[node], node, UNPACK, VarList1, VarList2, Symmetry);
+      cache.recv_lengths[node] = rlength;
+      if (rlength > 0)
+      {
+        if (rlength > cache.recv_buf_caps[node])
+        {
+          if (cache.recv_bufs[node]) delete[] cache.recv_bufs[node];
+          cache.recv_bufs[node] = new double[rlength];
+          cache.recv_buf_caps[node] = rlength;
+        }
+        MPI_Irecv((void *)cache.recv_bufs[node], rlength, MPI_DOUBLE, node, 1, MPI_COMM_WORLD, cache.reqs + req_no++);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  MPI_Waitall(req_no, cache.reqs, cache.stats);
+
+  for (int node = 0; node < cpusize; node++)
+    if (cache.recv_bufs[node] && cache.recv_lengths[node] > 0)
+      data_packermix(cache.recv_bufs[node], cache.combined_src[node], cache.combined_dst[node], node, UNPACK, VarList1, VarList2, Symmetry);
+}
+
 // collect all buffer grid segments or blocks for given patch
 MyList<Parallel::gridseg> *Parallel::build_buffer_gsl(Patch *Pat)
 {

AMSS_NCKU_source/Parallel.h

@@ -81,6 +81,43 @@ namespace Parallel
                    int Symmetry);
   void Sync(Patch *Pat, MyList<var> *VarList, int Symmetry);
   void Sync(MyList<Patch> *PatL, MyList<var> *VarList, int Symmetry);
+  void Sync_merged(MyList<Patch> *PatL, MyList<var> *VarList, int Symmetry);
+
+  struct SyncCache {
+    bool valid;
+    int cpusize;
+    MyList<gridseg> **combined_src;
+    MyList<gridseg> **combined_dst;
+    int *send_lengths;
+    int *recv_lengths;
+    double **send_bufs;
+    double **recv_bufs;
+    int *send_buf_caps;
+    int *recv_buf_caps;
+    MPI_Request *reqs;
+    MPI_Status *stats;
+    int max_reqs;
+    bool lengths_valid;
+    SyncCache();
+    void invalidate();
+    void destroy();
+  };
+
+  void Sync_cached(MyList<Patch> *PatL, MyList<var> *VarList, int Symmetry, SyncCache &cache);
+  void transfer_cached(MyList<gridseg> **src, MyList<gridseg> **dst,
+                       MyList<var> *VarList1, MyList<var> *VarList2,
+                       int Symmetry, SyncCache &cache);
+
+  struct AsyncSyncState {
+    int req_no;
+    bool active;
+    AsyncSyncState() : req_no(0), active(false) {}
+  };
+
+  void Sync_start(MyList<Patch> *PatL, MyList<var> *VarList, int Symmetry,
+                  SyncCache &cache, AsyncSyncState &state);
+  void Sync_finish(SyncCache &cache, AsyncSyncState &state,
+                   MyList<var> *VarList, int Symmetry);
   void OutBdLow2Hi(Patch *Patc, Patch *Patf,
                    MyList<var> *VarList1 /* source */, MyList<var> *VarList2 /* target */,
                    int Symmetry);
@@ -93,6 +130,15 @@ namespace Parallel
   void OutBdLow2Himix(MyList<Patch> *PatcL, MyList<Patch> *PatfL,
                       MyList<var> *VarList1 /* source */, MyList<var> *VarList2 /* target */,
                       int Symmetry);
+  void Restrict_cached(MyList<Patch> *PatcL, MyList<Patch> *PatfL,
+                       MyList<var> *VarList1, MyList<var> *VarList2,
+                       int Symmetry, SyncCache &cache);
+  void OutBdLow2Hi_cached(MyList<Patch> *PatcL, MyList<Patch> *PatfL,
+                          MyList<var> *VarList1, MyList<var> *VarList2,
+                          int Symmetry, SyncCache &cache);
+  void OutBdLow2Himix_cached(MyList<Patch> *PatcL, MyList<Patch> *PatfL,
+                             MyList<var> *VarList1, MyList<var> *VarList2,
+                             int Symmetry, SyncCache &cache);
   void Prolong(Patch *Patc, Patch *Patf,
                MyList<var> *VarList1 /* source */, MyList<var> *VarList2 /* target */,
                int Symmetry);

AMSS_NCKU_source/TwoPunctures.h

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-
 #ifndef TWO_PUNCTURES_H
 #define TWO_PUNCTURES_H
 
+#include <omp.h>
+
 #define StencilSize 19
 #define N_PlaneRelax 1
 #define NRELAX 200
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ private:
        int npoints_A, npoints_B, npoints_phi;
 
        double target_M_plus, target_M_minus;
-       
+
        double admMass;
 
        double adm_tol;
@@ -42,6 +43,18 @@ private:
 
        int ntotal;
 
+       // ===== Precomputed spectral derivative matrices =====
+       double *D1_A, *D2_A;
+       double *D1_B, *D2_B;
+       double *DF1_phi, *DF2_phi;
+
+       // ===== Pre-allocated workspace for LineRelax (per-thread) =====
+       int max_threads;
+       double **ws_diag_be, **ws_e_be, **ws_f_be, **ws_b_be, **ws_x_be;
+       double **ws_l_be, **ws_u_be, **ws_d_be, **ws_y_be;
+       double **ws_diag_al, **ws_e_al, **ws_f_al, **ws_b_al, **ws_x_al;
+       double **ws_l_al, **ws_u_al, **ws_d_al, **ws_y_al;
+
        struct parameters
        {
               int nvar, n1, n2, n3;
@@ -58,6 +71,28 @@ public:
                     int Newtonmaxit);
        ~TwoPunctures();
 
+       // 02/07: New/modified methods
+       void allocate_workspace();
+       void free_workspace();
+       void precompute_derivative_matrices();
+       void build_cheb_deriv_matrices(int n, double *D1, double *D2);
+       void build_fourier_deriv_matrices(int N, double *DF1, double *DF2);
+       void Derivatives_AB3_MatMul(int nvar, int n1, int n2, int n3, derivs v);
+       void ThomasAlgorithm_ws(int N, double *b, double *a, double *c, double *x, double *q,
+                                double *l, double *u_ws, double *d, double *y);
+       void LineRelax_be_omp(double *dv,
+                         int const i, int const k, int const nvar,
+                         int const n1, int const n2, int const n3,
+                         double const *rhs, int const *ncols, int **cols,
+                         double **JFD, int tid);
+       void LineRelax_al_omp(double *dv,
+                         int const j, int const k, int const nvar,
+                         int const n1, int const n2, int const n3,
+                         double const *rhs, int const *ncols,
+                         int **cols, double **JFD, int tid);
+       void relax_omp(double *dv, int const nvar, int const n1, int const n2, int const n3,
+                  double const *rhs, int const *ncols, int **cols, double **JFD);
+
        void Solve();
        void set_initial_guess(derivs v);
        int index(int i, int j, int k, int l, int a, int b, int c, int d);
@@ -116,23 +151,11 @@ public:
        double BY_KKofxyz(double x, double y, double z);
        void SetMatrix_JFD(int nvar, int n1, int n2, int n3, derivs u, int *ncols, int **cols, double **Matrix);
        void J_times_dv(int nvar, int n1, int n2, int n3, derivs dv, double *Jdv, derivs u);
-       void relax(double *dv, int const nvar, int const n1, int const n2, int const n3,
-                  double const *rhs, int const *ncols, int **cols, double **JFD);
-       void LineRelax_be(double *dv,
-                         int const i, int const k, int const nvar,
-                         int const n1, int const n2, int const n3,
-                         double const *rhs, int const *ncols, int **cols,
-                         double **JFD);
        void JFD_times_dv(int i, int j, int k, int nvar, int n1, int n2,
                          int n3, derivs dv, derivs u, double *values);
        void LinEquations(double A, double B, double X, double R,
                          double x, double r, double phi,
                          double y, double z, derivs dU, derivs U, double *values);
-       void LineRelax_al(double *dv,
-                         int const j, int const k, int const nvar,
-                         int const n1, int const n2, int const n3,
-                         double const *rhs, int const *ncols,
-                         int **cols, double **JFD);
        void ThomasAlgorithm(int N, double *b, double *a, double *c, double *x, double *q);
        void Save(char *fname);
        // provided by Vasileios Paschalidis (vpaschal@illinois.edu)
@@ -141,4 +164,4 @@ public:
        void SpecCoef(parameters par, int ivar, double *v, double *cf);
 };
 
-#endif /* TWO_PUNCTURES_H */
+#endif /* TWO_PUNCTURES_H */

AMSS_NCKU_source/Z4c_class.C

@@ -321,22 +321,7 @@ void Z4c_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
     }
     Pp = Pp->next;
   }
-  // check error information
-  {
-    int erh = ERROR;
-    MPI_Allreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  }
-  if (ERROR)
-  {
-    Parallel::Dump_Data(GH->PatL[lev], StateList, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
-    if (myrank == 0)
-    {
-      if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
-        ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in state variables at t = " << PhysTime 
-                              << ", lev = " << lev << endl;
-      MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
-    }
-  }
+  // NOTE: error check deferred to after Shell Patch computation to reduce MPI_Allreduce calls
 
 #ifdef WithShell
   // evolve Shell Patches
@@ -354,9 +339,9 @@ void Z4c_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
         {
 #if (AGM == 0)
           f_enforce_ga(cg->shape,
-                       cg->fgfs[gxx0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gxy0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gxz0->sgfn], 
+                       cg->fgfs[gxx0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gxy0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gxz0->sgfn],
                        cg->fgfs[gyy0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gyz0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gzz0->sgfn],
-                       cg->fgfs[Axx0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Axy0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Axz0->sgfn], 
+                       cg->fgfs[Axx0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Axy0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Axz0->sgfn],
                        cg->fgfs[Ayy0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Ayz0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Azz0->sgfn]);
 #endif
 
@@ -468,24 +453,16 @@ void Z4c_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
       sPp = sPp->next;
     }
   }
-  // check error information
+  // Non-blocking error reduction overlapped with Sync to hide Allreduce latency
+  MPI_Request err_req_pre;
   {
     int erh = ERROR;
-    MPI_Allreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  }
-  if (ERROR)
-  {
-    SH->Dump_Data(StateList, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
-    if (myrank == 0)
-    {
-      if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
-        ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in state variables on Shell Patches at t = " << PhysTime << endl;
-      MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
-    }
+    MPI_Iallreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &err_req_pre);
   }
 #endif
 
-  Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, Symmetry);
+  Parallel::AsyncSyncState async_pre;
+  Parallel::Sync_start(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, Symmetry, sync_cache_pre[lev], async_pre);
 
 #ifdef WithShell
   if (lev == 0)
@@ -498,12 +475,30 @@ void Z4c_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
     {
       prev_clock = curr_clock;
       curr_clock = clock();
-      cout << " Shell stuff synchronization used " 
-           << (double)(curr_clock - prev_clock) / ((double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC) 
+      cout << " Shell stuff synchronization used "
+           << (double)(curr_clock - prev_clock) / ((double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC)
            << " seconds! " << endl;
     }
   }
 #endif
+  Parallel::Sync_finish(sync_cache_pre[lev], async_pre, SynchList_pre, Symmetry);
+
+#ifdef WithShell
+  // Complete non-blocking error reduction and check
+  MPI_Wait(&err_req_pre, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
+  if (ERROR)
+  {
+    Parallel::Dump_Data(GH->PatL[lev], StateList, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
+    SH->Dump_Data(StateList, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
+    if (myrank == 0)
+    {
+      if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
+        ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in state variables at t = " << PhysTime
+                              << ", lev = " << lev << endl;
+      MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
+    }
+  }
+#endif
 
   // for black hole position
   if (BH_num > 0 && lev == GH->levels - 1)
@@ -693,23 +688,7 @@ void Z4c_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
       Pp = Pp->next;
     }
 
-    // check error information
-    {
-      int erh = ERROR;
-      MPI_Allreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-    }
-    if (ERROR)
-    {
-      Parallel::Dump_Data(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
-      if (myrank == 0)
-      {
-        if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
-          ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in RK4 substep#" << iter_count 
-                                << " variables at t = " << PhysTime 
-                                << ", lev = " << lev << endl;
-        MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
-      }
-    }
+    // NOTE: error check deferred to after Shell Patch computation to reduce MPI_Allreduce calls
 
 #ifdef WithShell
     // evolve Shell Patches
@@ -850,25 +829,16 @@ void Z4c_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
         sPp = sPp->next;
       }
     }
-    // check error information
+    // Non-blocking error reduction overlapped with Sync to hide Allreduce latency
+    MPI_Request err_req_cor;
     {
       int erh = ERROR;
-      MPI_Allreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-    }
-    if (ERROR)
-    {
-      SH->Dump_Data(SynchList_pre, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
-      if (myrank == 0)
-      {
-        if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
-          ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN on Shell Patches in RK4 substep#" << iter_count 
-                                << " variables at t = " << PhysTime << endl;
-        MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
-      }
+      MPI_Iallreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &err_req_cor);
     }
 #endif
 
-    Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+    Parallel::AsyncSyncState async_cor;
+    Parallel::Sync_start(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry, sync_cache_cor[lev], async_cor);
 
 #ifdef WithShell
     if (lev == 0)
@@ -881,11 +851,30 @@ void Z4c_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
       {
         prev_clock = curr_clock;
         curr_clock = clock();
-        cout << " Shell stuff synchronization used " 
-             << (double)(curr_clock - prev_clock) / ((double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC) 
+        cout << " Shell stuff synchronization used "
+             << (double)(curr_clock - prev_clock) / ((double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC)
              << " seconds! " << endl;
       }
     }
+#endif
+    Parallel::Sync_finish(sync_cache_cor[lev], async_cor, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+
+#ifdef WithShell
+    // Complete non-blocking error reduction and check
+    MPI_Wait(&err_req_cor, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
+    if (ERROR)
+    {
+      Parallel::Dump_Data(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
+      SH->Dump_Data(SynchList_pre, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
+      if (myrank == 0)
+      {
+        if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
+          ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in RK4 substep#" << iter_count
+                                << " variables at t = " << PhysTime
+                                << ", lev = " << lev << endl;
+        MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
+      }
+    }
 #endif
     // for black hole position
     if (BH_num > 0 && lev == GH->levels - 1)
@@ -1252,22 +1241,7 @@ void Z4c_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
 	 }
   }
 #endif
-  // check error information
-  {
-    int erh = ERROR;
-    MPI_Allreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  }
-  if (ERROR)
-  {
-    Parallel::Dump_Data(GH->PatL[lev], StateList, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
-    if (myrank == 0)
-    {
-      if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
-        ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in state variables at t = " << PhysTime 
-                              << ", lev = " << lev << endl;
-      MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
-    }
-  }
+  // NOTE: error check deferred to after Shell Patch computation to reduce MPI_Allreduce calls
 
   // evolve Shell Patches
   if (lev == 0)
@@ -1542,23 +1516,15 @@ void Z4c_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
   }
 #endif
   }
-  // check error information
+  // Non-blocking error reduction overlapped with Sync to hide Allreduce latency
+  MPI_Request err_req_pre;
   {
     int erh = ERROR;
-    MPI_Allreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  }
-  if (ERROR)
-  {
-    SH->Dump_Data(StateList, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
-    if (myrank == 0)
-    {
-      if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
-        ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in state variables on Shell Patches at t = " << PhysTime << endl;
-      MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
-    }
+    MPI_Iallreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &err_req_pre);
   }
 
-  Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, Symmetry);
+  Parallel::AsyncSyncState async_pre;
+  Parallel::Sync_start(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, Symmetry, sync_cache_pre[lev], async_pre);
 
   if (lev == 0)
   {
@@ -1570,8 +1536,8 @@ void Z4c_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
     {
       prev_clock = curr_clock;
       curr_clock = clock();
-      cout << " Shell stuff synchronization used " 
-           << (double)(curr_clock - prev_clock) / ((double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC) 
+      cout << " Shell stuff synchronization used "
+           << (double)(curr_clock - prev_clock) / ((double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC)
            << " seconds! " << endl;
     }
 
@@ -1620,6 +1586,22 @@ void Z4c_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
   }
 #endif
   }
+  Parallel::Sync_finish(sync_cache_pre[lev], async_pre, SynchList_pre, Symmetry);
+
+  // Complete non-blocking error reduction and check
+  MPI_Wait(&err_req_pre, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
+  if (ERROR)
+  {
+    Parallel::Dump_Data(GH->PatL[lev], StateList, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
+    SH->Dump_Data(StateList, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
+    if (myrank == 0)
+    {
+      if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
+        ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in state variables at t = " << PhysTime
+                              << ", lev = " << lev << endl;
+      MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
+    }
+  }
 
   // for black hole position
   if (BH_num > 0 && lev == GH->levels - 1)
@@ -1841,23 +1823,7 @@ void Z4c_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
       Pp = Pp->next;
     }
 
-    // check error information
-    {
-      int erh = ERROR;
-      MPI_Allreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-    }
-    if (ERROR)
-    {
-      Parallel::Dump_Data(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
-      if (myrank == 0)
-      {
-        if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
-          ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in RK4 substep#" << iter_count 
-                                << " variables at t = " << PhysTime 
-                                << ", lev = " << lev << endl;
-        MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
-      }
-    }
+    // NOTE: error check deferred to after Shell Patch computation to reduce MPI_Allreduce calls
 
     // evolve Shell Patches
     if (lev == 0)
@@ -2103,24 +2069,15 @@ void Z4c_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
         sPp = sPp->next;
       }
     }
-    // check error information
+    // Non-blocking error reduction overlapped with Sync to hide Allreduce latency
+    MPI_Request err_req_cor;
     {
       int erh = ERROR;
-      MPI_Allreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-    }
-    if (ERROR)
-    {
-      SH->Dump_Data(SynchList_pre, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
-      if (myrank == 0)
-      {
-        if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
-          ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN on Shell Patches in RK4 substep#" << iter_count 
-                                << " variables at t = " << PhysTime << endl;
-        MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
-      }
+      MPI_Iallreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &err_req_cor);
     }
 
-    Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+    Parallel::AsyncSyncState async_cor;
+    Parallel::Sync_start(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry, sync_cache_cor[lev], async_cor);
 
     if (lev == 0)
     {
@@ -2132,8 +2089,8 @@ void Z4c_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
       {
         prev_clock = curr_clock;
         curr_clock = clock();
-        cout << " Shell stuff synchronization used " 
-             << (double)(curr_clock - prev_clock) / ((double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC) 
+        cout << " Shell stuff synchronization used "
+             << (double)(curr_clock - prev_clock) / ((double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC)
              << " seconds! " << endl;
       }
     }
@@ -2170,6 +2127,23 @@ void Z4c_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
     }
 // end smooth
 #endif
+    Parallel::Sync_finish(sync_cache_cor[lev], async_cor, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+
+    // Complete non-blocking error reduction and check
+    MPI_Wait(&err_req_cor, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
+    if (ERROR)
+    {
+      Parallel::Dump_Data(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
+      SH->Dump_Data(SynchList_pre, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
+      if (myrank == 0)
+      {
+        if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
+          ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in RK4 substep#" << iter_count
+                                << " variables at t = " << PhysTime
+                                << ", lev = " << lev << endl;
+        MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
+      }
+    }
 
     // for black hole position
     if (BH_num > 0 && lev == GH->levels - 1)

AMSS_NCKU_source/bssn_class.C

@@ -730,6 +730,12 @@ void bssn_class::Initialize()
     PhysTime = StartTime;
     Setup_Black_Hole_position();
   }
+
+  // Initialize sync caches (per-level, for predictor and corrector)
+  sync_cache_pre = new Parallel::SyncCache[GH->levels];
+  sync_cache_cor = new Parallel::SyncCache[GH->levels];
+  sync_cache_rp_coarse = new Parallel::SyncCache[GH->levels];
+  sync_cache_rp_fine = new Parallel::SyncCache[GH->levels];
 }
 
 //================================================================================================
@@ -981,6 +987,32 @@ bssn_class::~bssn_class()
   delete Azzz;
 #endif
 
+  // Destroy sync caches before GH
+  if (sync_cache_pre)
+  {
+    for (int i = 0; i < GH->levels; i++)
+      sync_cache_pre[i].destroy();
+    delete[] sync_cache_pre;
+  }
+  if (sync_cache_cor)
+  {
+    for (int i = 0; i < GH->levels; i++)
+      sync_cache_cor[i].destroy();
+    delete[] sync_cache_cor;
+  }
+  if (sync_cache_rp_coarse)
+  {
+    for (int i = 0; i < GH->levels; i++)
+      sync_cache_rp_coarse[i].destroy();
+    delete[] sync_cache_rp_coarse;
+  }
+  if (sync_cache_rp_fine)
+  {
+    for (int i = 0; i < GH->levels; i++)
+      sync_cache_rp_fine[i].destroy();
+    delete[] sync_cache_rp_fine;
+  }
+
   delete GH;
 #ifdef WithShell
   delete SH;
@@ -2181,6 +2213,7 @@ void bssn_class::Evolve(int Steps)
     GH->Regrid(Symmetry, BH_num, Porgbr, Porg0,
                SynchList_cor, OldStateList, StateList, SynchList_pre,
                fgt(PhysTime - dT_mon, StartTime, dT_mon / 2), ErrorMonitor);
+    for (int il = 0; il < GH->levels; il++) { sync_cache_pre[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_cor[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_coarse[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_fine[il].invalidate(); }
 #endif
 
 #if (REGLEV == 0 && (PSTR == 1 || PSTR == 2))
@@ -2396,6 +2429,7 @@ void bssn_class::RecursiveStep(int lev)
   GH->Regrid_Onelevel(lev, Symmetry, BH_num, Porgbr, Porg0,
                       SynchList_cor, OldStateList, StateList, SynchList_pre,
                       fgt(PhysTime - dT_lev, StartTime, dT_lev / 2), ErrorMonitor);
+  for (int il = 0; il < GH->levels; il++) { sync_cache_pre[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_cor[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_coarse[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_fine[il].invalidate(); }
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -2574,6 +2608,7 @@ void bssn_class::ParallelStep()
   GH->Regrid_Onelevel(GH->mylev, Symmetry, BH_num, Porgbr, Porg0,
                       SynchList_cor, OldStateList, StateList, SynchList_pre,
                       fgt(PhysTime - dT_lev, StartTime, dT_lev / 2), ErrorMonitor);
+  for (int il = 0; il < GH->levels; il++) { sync_cache_pre[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_cor[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_coarse[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_fine[il].invalidate(); }
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -2740,6 +2775,7 @@ void bssn_class::ParallelStep()
         GH->Regrid_Onelevel(lev + 1, Symmetry, BH_num, Porgbr, Porg0,
                             SynchList_cor, OldStateList, StateList, SynchList_pre,
                             fgt(PhysTime - dT_levp1, StartTime, dT_levp1 / 2), ErrorMonitor);
+        for (int il = 0; il < GH->levels; il++) { sync_cache_pre[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_cor[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_coarse[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_fine[il].invalidate(); }
 
         //               a_stream.clear();
         //               a_stream.str("");
@@ -2754,6 +2790,7 @@ void bssn_class::ParallelStep()
       GH->Regrid_Onelevel(lev, Symmetry, BH_num, Porgbr, Porg0,
                           SynchList_cor, OldStateList, StateList, SynchList_pre,
                           fgt(PhysTime - dT_lev, StartTime, dT_lev / 2), ErrorMonitor);
+      for (int il = 0; il < GH->levels; il++) { sync_cache_pre[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_cor[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_coarse[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_fine[il].invalidate(); }
 
       //               a_stream.clear();
       //               a_stream.str("");
@@ -2772,6 +2809,7 @@ void bssn_class::ParallelStep()
           GH->Regrid_Onelevel(lev - 1, Symmetry, BH_num, Porgbr, Porg0,
                               SynchList_cor, OldStateList, StateList, SynchList_pre,
                               fgt(PhysTime - dT_lev, StartTime, dT_levm1 / 2), ErrorMonitor);
+          for (int il = 0; il < GH->levels; il++) { sync_cache_pre[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_cor[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_coarse[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_fine[il].invalidate(); }
 
           //               a_stream.clear();
           //               a_stream.str("");
@@ -2787,6 +2825,7 @@ void bssn_class::ParallelStep()
           GH->Regrid_Onelevel(lev - 1, Symmetry, BH_num, Porgbr, Porg0,
                               SynchList_cor, OldStateList, StateList, SynchList_pre,
                               fgt(PhysTime - dT_lev, StartTime, dT_levm1 / 2), ErrorMonitor);
+          for (int il = 0; il < GH->levels; il++) { sync_cache_pre[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_cor[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_coarse[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_fine[il].invalidate(); }
 
           //               a_stream.clear();
           //               a_stream.str("");
@@ -3158,21 +3197,7 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
     }
     Pp = Pp->next;
   }
-  // check error information
-  {
-    int erh = ERROR;
-    MPI_Allreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  }
-  if (ERROR)
-  {
-    Parallel::Dump_Data(GH->PatL[lev], StateList, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
-    if (myrank == 0)
-    {
-      if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
-        ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in state variables at t = " << PhysTime << ", lev = " << lev << endl;
-      MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
-    }
-  }
+  // NOTE: error check deferred to after Shell Patch computation to reduce MPI_Allreduce calls
 
 #ifdef WithShell
   // evolve Shell Patches
@@ -3190,9 +3215,9 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
         {
 #if (AGM == 0)
           f_enforce_ga(cg->shape,
-                       cg->fgfs[gxx0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gxy0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gxz0->sgfn], 
+                       cg->fgfs[gxx0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gxy0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gxz0->sgfn],
                        cg->fgfs[gyy0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gyz0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gzz0->sgfn],
-                       cg->fgfs[Axx0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Axy0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Axz0->sgfn], 
+                       cg->fgfs[Axx0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Axy0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Axz0->sgfn],
                        cg->fgfs[Ayy0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Ayz0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Azz0->sgfn]);
 #endif
 
@@ -3316,25 +3341,16 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
 #endif
   }
 
-  // check error information
+  // Non-blocking error reduction overlapped with Sync to hide Allreduce latency
+  MPI_Request err_req;
   {
     int erh = ERROR;
-    MPI_Allreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  }
-
-  if (ERROR)
-  {
-    SH->Dump_Data(StateList, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
-    if (myrank == 0)
-    {
-      if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
-        ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in state variables on Shell Patches at t = " << PhysTime << endl;
-      MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
-    }
+    MPI_Iallreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &err_req);
   }
 #endif
 
-  Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, Symmetry);
+  Parallel::AsyncSyncState async_pre;
+  Parallel::Sync_start(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, Symmetry, sync_cache_pre[lev], async_pre);
 
 #ifdef WithShell
   if (lev == 0)
@@ -3347,12 +3363,29 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
     {
       prev_clock = curr_clock;
       curr_clock = clock();
-      cout << " Shell stuff synchronization used " 
-           << (double)(curr_clock - prev_clock) / ((double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC) 
+      cout << " Shell stuff synchronization used "
+           << (double)(curr_clock - prev_clock) / ((double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC)
            << " seconds! " << endl;
     }
   }
 #endif
+  Parallel::Sync_finish(sync_cache_pre[lev], async_pre, SynchList_pre, Symmetry);
+
+#ifdef WithShell
+  // Complete non-blocking error reduction and check
+  MPI_Wait(&err_req, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
+  if (ERROR)
+  {
+    Parallel::Dump_Data(GH->PatL[lev], StateList, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
+    SH->Dump_Data(StateList, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
+    if (myrank == 0)
+    {
+      if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
+        ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in state variables at t = " << PhysTime << ", lev = " << lev << endl;
+      MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
+    }
+  }
+#endif
 
 #if (MAPBH == 0)
   // for black hole position
@@ -3528,24 +3561,7 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
       Pp = Pp->next;
     }
 
-    // check error information
-    {
-      int erh = ERROR;
-      MPI_Allreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-    }
-
-    if (ERROR)
-    {
-      Parallel::Dump_Data(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
-      if (myrank == 0)
-      {
-        if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
-          ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in RK4 substep#" << iter_count 
-                                << " variables at t = " << PhysTime 
-                                << ", lev = " << lev << endl;
-        MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
-      }
-    }
+    // NOTE: error check deferred to after Shell Patch computation to reduce MPI_Allreduce calls
 
 #ifdef WithShell
     // evolve Shell Patches
@@ -3563,9 +3579,9 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
           {
 #if (AGM == 0)
             f_enforce_ga(cg->shape,
-                         cg->fgfs[gxx->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gxy->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gxz->sgfn], 
+                         cg->fgfs[gxx->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gxy->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gxz->sgfn],
                          cg->fgfs[gyy->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gyz->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gzz->sgfn],
-                         cg->fgfs[Axx->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Axy->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Axz->sgfn], 
+                         cg->fgfs[Axx->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Axy->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Axz->sgfn],
                          cg->fgfs[Ayy->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Ayz->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Azz->sgfn]);
 #elif (AGM == 1)
             if (iter_count == 3)
@@ -3685,26 +3701,16 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
         sPp = sPp->next;
       }
     }
-    // check error information
+    // Non-blocking error reduction overlapped with Sync to hide Allreduce latency
+    MPI_Request err_req_cor;
     {
       int erh = ERROR;
-      MPI_Allreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-    }
-    if (ERROR)
-    {
-      SH->Dump_Data(SynchList_pre, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
-      if (myrank == 0)
-      {
-        if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
-          ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN on Shell Patches in RK4 substep#" 
-                                << iter_count << " variables at t = " 
-                                << PhysTime << endl;
-        MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
-      }
+      MPI_Iallreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &err_req_cor);
     }
 #endif
 
-    Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+    Parallel::AsyncSyncState async_cor;
+    Parallel::Sync_start(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry, sync_cache_cor[lev], async_cor);
 
 #ifdef WithShell
     if (lev == 0)
@@ -3717,12 +3723,31 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
       {
         prev_clock = curr_clock;
         curr_clock = clock();
-        cout << " Shell stuff synchronization used " 
-             << (double)(curr_clock - prev_clock) / ((double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC) 
+        cout << " Shell stuff synchronization used "
+             << (double)(curr_clock - prev_clock) / ((double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC)
              << " seconds! " << endl;
       }
     }
 #endif
+    Parallel::Sync_finish(sync_cache_cor[lev], async_cor, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+
+#ifdef WithShell
+    // Complete non-blocking error reduction and check
+    MPI_Wait(&err_req_cor, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
+    if (ERROR)
+    {
+      Parallel::Dump_Data(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
+      SH->Dump_Data(SynchList_pre, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
+      if (myrank == 0)
+      {
+        if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
+          ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in RK4 substep#" << iter_count
+                                << " variables at t = " << PhysTime
+                                << ", lev = " << lev << endl;
+        MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
+      }
+    }
+#endif
 
 #if (MAPBH == 0)
     // for black hole position
@@ -4034,22 +4059,7 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
     }
     Pp = Pp->next;
   }
-  // check error information
-  {
-    int erh = ERROR;
-    MPI_Allreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  }
-  if (ERROR)
-  {
-    Parallel::Dump_Data(GH->PatL[lev], StateList, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
-    if (myrank == 0)
-    {
-      if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
-        ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in state variables at t = " << PhysTime 
-                              << ", lev = " << lev << endl;
-      MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
-    }
-  }
+  // NOTE: error check deferred to after Shell Patch computation to reduce MPI_Allreduce calls
 
 #ifdef WithShell
   // evolve Shell Patches
@@ -4067,15 +4077,15 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
         {
 #if (AGM == 0)
           f_enforce_ga(cg->shape,
-                       cg->fgfs[gxx0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gxy0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gxz0->sgfn], 
+                       cg->fgfs[gxx0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gxy0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gxz0->sgfn],
                        cg->fgfs[gyy0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gyz0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gzz0->sgfn],
-                       cg->fgfs[Axx0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Axy0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Axz0->sgfn], 
+                       cg->fgfs[Axx0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Axy0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Axz0->sgfn],
                        cg->fgfs[Ayy0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Ayz0->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Azz0->sgfn]);
 #endif
 
           if (f_compute_rhs_bssn_ss(cg->shape, TRK4, cg->X[0], cg->X[1], cg->X[2],
-                                    cg->fgfs[fngfs + ShellPatch::gx], 
-                                    cg->fgfs[fngfs + ShellPatch::gy], 
+                                    cg->fgfs[fngfs + ShellPatch::gx],
+                                    cg->fgfs[fngfs + ShellPatch::gy],
                                     cg->fgfs[fngfs + ShellPatch::gz],
                                     cg->fgfs[fngfs + ShellPatch::drhodx], 
                                     cg->fgfs[fngfs + ShellPatch::drhody], 
@@ -4190,25 +4200,16 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
   }
 #endif
   }
-  // check error information
+  // Non-blocking error reduction overlapped with Sync to hide Allreduce latency
+  MPI_Request err_req;
   {
     int erh = ERROR;
-    MPI_Allreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  }
-  if (ERROR)
-  {
-    SH->Dump_Data(StateList, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
-    if (myrank == 0)
-    {
-      if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
-        ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in state variables on Shell Patches at t = " 
-                              << PhysTime << endl;
-      MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
-    }
+    MPI_Iallreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &err_req);
   }
 #endif
 
-  Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, Symmetry);
+  Parallel::AsyncSyncState async_pre;
+  Parallel::Sync_start(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, Symmetry, sync_cache_pre[lev], async_pre);
 
 #ifdef WithShell
   if (lev == 0)
@@ -4221,9 +4222,27 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
     {
       prev_clock = curr_clock;
       curr_clock = clock();
-      cout << " Shell stuff synchronization used " 
-      << (double)(curr_clock - prev_clock) / ((double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC) 
-      << " seconds! " << endl;
+      cout << " Shell stuff synchronization used "
+           << (double)(curr_clock - prev_clock) / ((double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC)
+           << " seconds! " << endl;
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+  Parallel::Sync_finish(sync_cache_pre[lev], async_pre, SynchList_pre, Symmetry);
+
+#ifdef WithShell
+  // Complete non-blocking error reduction and check
+  MPI_Wait(&err_req, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
+  if (ERROR)
+  {
+    Parallel::Dump_Data(GH->PatL[lev], StateList, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
+    SH->Dump_Data(StateList, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
+    if (myrank == 0)
+    {
+      if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
+        ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in state variables at t = " << PhysTime
+                              << ", lev = " << lev << endl;
+      MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
     }
   }
 #endif
@@ -4386,23 +4405,7 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
       Pp = Pp->next;
     }
 
-    // check error information
-    {
-      int erh = ERROR;
-      MPI_Allreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-    }
-    if (ERROR)
-    {
-      Parallel::Dump_Data(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
-      if (myrank == 0)
-      {
-        if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
-          ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in RK4 substep#" << iter_count 
-                                << " variables at t = " << PhysTime 
-                                << ", lev = " << lev << endl;
-        MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
-      }
-    }
+    // NOTE: error check deferred to after Shell Patch computation to reduce MPI_Allreduce calls
 
 #ifdef WithShell
     // evolve Shell Patches
@@ -4420,9 +4423,9 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
           {
 #if (AGM == 0)
             f_enforce_ga(cg->shape,
-                         cg->fgfs[gxx->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gxy->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gxz->sgfn], 
+                         cg->fgfs[gxx->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gxy->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gxz->sgfn],
                          cg->fgfs[gyy->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gyz->sgfn], cg->fgfs[gzz->sgfn],
-                         cg->fgfs[Axx->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Axy->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Axz->sgfn], 
+                         cg->fgfs[Axx->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Axy->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Axz->sgfn],
                          cg->fgfs[Ayy->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Ayz->sgfn], cg->fgfs[Azz->sgfn]);
 #elif (AGM == 1)
             if (iter_count == 3)
@@ -4542,25 +4545,16 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
         sPp = sPp->next;
       }
     }
-    // check error information
+    // Non-blocking error reduction overlapped with Sync to hide Allreduce latency
+    MPI_Request err_req_cor;
     {
       int erh = ERROR;
-      MPI_Allreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-    }
-    if (ERROR)
-    {
-      SH->Dump_Data(SynchList_pre, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
-      if (myrank == 0)
-      {
-        if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
-          ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN on Shell Patches in RK4 substep#" << iter_count 
-                                << " variables at t = " << PhysTime << endl;
-        MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
-      }
+      MPI_Iallreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &err_req_cor);
     }
 #endif
 
-    Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+    Parallel::AsyncSyncState async_cor;
+    Parallel::Sync_start(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry, sync_cache_cor[lev], async_cor);
 
 #ifdef WithShell
     if (lev == 0)
@@ -4573,11 +4567,30 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
       {
         prev_clock = curr_clock;
         curr_clock = clock();
-        cout << " Shell stuff synchronization used " 
-             << (double)(curr_clock - prev_clock) / ((double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC) 
+        cout << " Shell stuff synchronization used "
+             << (double)(curr_clock - prev_clock) / ((double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC)
              << " seconds! " << endl;
       }
     }
+#endif
+    Parallel::Sync_finish(sync_cache_cor[lev], async_cor, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+
+#ifdef WithShell
+    // Complete non-blocking error reduction and check
+    MPI_Wait(&err_req_cor, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
+    if (ERROR)
+    {
+      Parallel::Dump_Data(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
+      SH->Dump_Data(SynchList_pre, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
+      if (myrank == 0)
+      {
+        if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
+          ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in RK4 substep#" << iter_count
+                                << " variables at t = " << PhysTime
+                                << ", lev = " << lev << endl;
+        MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
+      }
+    }
 #endif
     // for black hole position
     if (BH_num > 0 && lev == GH->levels - 1)
@@ -4943,11 +4956,19 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
 
   //   misc::tillherecheck(GH->Commlev[lev],GH->start_rank[lev],"after Predictor rhs calculation");
 
-  // check error information
+  // Non-blocking error reduction overlapped with Sync to hide Allreduce latency
+  MPI_Request err_req;
   {
     int erh = ERROR;
-    MPI_Allreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, GH->Commlev[lev]);
+    MPI_Iallreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, GH->Commlev[lev], &err_req);
   }
+
+  //   misc::tillherecheck(GH->Commlev[lev],GH->start_rank[lev],"before Predictor sync");
+
+  Parallel::Sync_cached(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, Symmetry, sync_cache_pre[lev]);
+
+  // Complete non-blocking error reduction and check
+  MPI_Wait(&err_req, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
   if (ERROR)
   {
     Parallel::Dump_Data(GH->PatL[lev], StateList, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
@@ -4959,10 +4980,6 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
     }
   }
 
-  //   misc::tillherecheck(GH->Commlev[lev],GH->start_rank[lev],"before Predictor sync");
-
-  Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, Symmetry);
-
 #if (MAPBH == 0)
   // for black hole position
   if (BH_num > 0 && lev == GH->levels - 1)
@@ -5140,30 +5157,34 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
 
     //   misc::tillherecheck(GH->Commlev[lev],GH->start_rank[lev],"before Corrector error check");
 
-    // check error information
+    // Non-blocking error reduction overlapped with Sync to hide Allreduce latency
+    MPI_Request err_req_cor;
     {
       int erh = ERROR;
-      MPI_Allreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, GH->Commlev[lev]);
+      MPI_Iallreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, GH->Commlev[lev], &err_req_cor);
     }
+
+    //    misc::tillherecheck(GH->Commlev[lev],GH->start_rank[lev],"before Corrector sync");
+
+    Parallel::Sync_cached(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry, sync_cache_cor[lev]);
+
+    //    misc::tillherecheck(GH->Commlev[lev],GH->start_rank[lev],"after Corrector sync");
+
+    // Complete non-blocking error reduction and check
+    MPI_Wait(&err_req_cor, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
     if (ERROR)
     {
       Parallel::Dump_Data(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
       if (myrank == 0)
       {
         if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
-          ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in RK4 substep#" << iter_count 
-                                << " variables at t = " << PhysTime 
+          ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in RK4 substep#" << iter_count
+                                << " variables at t = " << PhysTime
                                 << ", lev = " << lev << endl;
         MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
       }
     }
 
-    //    misc::tillherecheck(GH->Commlev[lev],GH->start_rank[lev],"before Corrector sync");
-
-    Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
-
-    //    misc::tillherecheck(GH->Commlev[lev],GH->start_rank[lev],"after Corrector sync");
-
 #if (MAPBH == 0)
     // for black hole position
     if (BH_num > 0 && lev == GH->levels - 1)
@@ -5447,21 +5468,11 @@ void bssn_class::SHStep()
 #if (PSTR == 1 || PSTR == 2)
 //   misc::tillherecheck(GH->Commlev[lev],GH->start_rank[lev],"before Predictor's error check");
 #endif
-  // check error information
+  // Non-blocking error reduction overlapped with Synch to hide Allreduce latency
+  MPI_Request err_req;
   {
     int erh = ERROR;
-    MPI_Allreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  }
-
-  if (ERROR)
-  {
-    SH->Dump_Data(StateList, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
-    if (myrank == 0)
-    {
-      if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
-        ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in state variables on Shell Patches at t = " << PhysTime << endl;
-      MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
-    }
+    MPI_Iallreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &err_req);
   }
 
   {
@@ -5473,12 +5484,25 @@ void bssn_class::SHStep()
     {
       prev_clock = curr_clock;
       curr_clock = clock();
-      cout << " Shell stuff synchronization used " 
-           << (double)(curr_clock - prev_clock) / ((double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC) 
+      cout << " Shell stuff synchronization used "
+           << (double)(curr_clock - prev_clock) / ((double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC)
            << " seconds! " << endl;
     }
   }
 
+  // Complete non-blocking error reduction and check
+  MPI_Wait(&err_req, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
+  if (ERROR)
+  {
+    SH->Dump_Data(StateList, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
+    if (myrank == 0)
+    {
+      if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
+        ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN in state variables on Shell Patches at t = " << PhysTime << endl;
+      MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
+    }
+  }
+
   // corrector
   for (iter_count = 1; iter_count < 4; iter_count++)
   {
@@ -5621,21 +5645,11 @@ void bssn_class::SHStep()
         sPp = sPp->next;
       }
     }
-    // check error information
+    // Non-blocking error reduction overlapped with Synch to hide Allreduce latency
+    MPI_Request err_req_cor;
     {
       int erh = ERROR;
-      MPI_Allreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-    }
-    if (ERROR)
-    {
-      SH->Dump_Data(SynchList_pre, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
-      if (myrank == 0)
-      {
-        if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
-          ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN on Shell Patches in RK4 substep#" << iter_count 
-                                << " variables at t = " << PhysTime << endl;
-        MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
-      }
+      MPI_Iallreduce(&erh, &ERROR, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &err_req_cor);
     }
 
     {
@@ -5647,12 +5661,26 @@ void bssn_class::SHStep()
       {
         prev_clock = curr_clock;
         curr_clock = clock();
-        cout << " Shell stuff synchronization used " 
-             << (double)(curr_clock - prev_clock) / ((double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC) 
+        cout << " Shell stuff synchronization used "
+             << (double)(curr_clock - prev_clock) / ((double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC)
              << " seconds! " << endl;
       }
     }
 
+    // Complete non-blocking error reduction and check
+    MPI_Wait(&err_req_cor, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
+    if (ERROR)
+    {
+      SH->Dump_Data(SynchList_pre, 0, PhysTime, dT_lev);
+      if (myrank == 0)
+      {
+        if (ErrorMonitor->outfile)
+          ErrorMonitor->outfile << "find NaN on Shell Patches in RK4 substep#" << iter_count
+                                << " variables at t = " << PhysTime << endl;
+        MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1);
+      }
+    }
+
     sPp = SH->PatL;
     while (sPp)
     {
@@ -5781,7 +5809,7 @@ void bssn_class::RestrictProlong(int lev, int YN, bool BB,
 //       misc::tillherecheck(GH->Commlev[GH->mylev],GH->start_rank[GH->mylev],a_stream.str());
 #endif
 
-      Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev - 1], SynchList_pre, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::Sync_cached(GH->PatL[lev - 1], SynchList_pre, Symmetry, sync_cache_rp_coarse[lev]);
 
 #if (PSTR == 1 || PSTR == 2)
 //       a_stream.clear();
@@ -5791,21 +5819,11 @@ void bssn_class::RestrictProlong(int lev, int YN, bool BB,
 #endif
 
 #if (RPB == 0)
-      Ppc = GH->PatL[lev - 1];
-      while (Ppc)
-      {
-        Pp = GH->PatL[lev];
-        while (Pp)
-        {
 #if (MIXOUTB == 0)
-          Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi(Ppc->data, Pp->data, SynchList_pre, SL, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, SL, Symmetry);
 #elif (MIXOUTB == 1)
-          Parallel::OutBdLow2Himix(Ppc->data, Pp->data, SynchList_pre, SL, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::OutBdLow2Himix(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, SL, Symmetry);
 #endif
-          Pp = Pp->next;
-        }
-        Ppc = Ppc->next;
-      }
 #elif (RPB == 1)
       //       Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi_bam(GH->PatL[lev-1],GH->PatL[lev],SynchList_pre,SL,Symmetry);
       Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi_bam(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, SL, GH->bdsul[lev], Symmetry);
@@ -5842,7 +5860,7 @@ void bssn_class::RestrictProlong(int lev, int YN, bool BB,
 //       misc::tillherecheck(GH->Commlev[GH->mylev],GH->start_rank[GH->mylev],a_stream.str());
 #endif
 
-      Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev - 1], SL, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::Sync_cached(GH->PatL[lev - 1], SL, Symmetry, sync_cache_rp_coarse[lev]);
 
 #if (PSTR == 1 || PSTR == 2)
 //       a_stream.clear();
@@ -5852,21 +5870,11 @@ void bssn_class::RestrictProlong(int lev, int YN, bool BB,
 #endif
 
 #if (RPB == 0)
-      Ppc = GH->PatL[lev - 1];
-      while (Ppc)
-      {
-        Pp = GH->PatL[lev];
-        while (Pp)
-        {
 #if (MIXOUTB == 0)
-          Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi(Ppc->data, Pp->data, SL, SL, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SL, SL, Symmetry);
 #elif (MIXOUTB == 1)
-          Parallel::OutBdLow2Himix(Ppc->data, Pp->data, SL, SL, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::OutBdLow2Himix(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SL, SL, Symmetry);
 #endif
-          Pp = Pp->next;
-        }
-        Ppc = Ppc->next;
-      }
 #elif (RPB == 1)
       //       Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi_bam(GH->PatL[lev-1],GH->PatL[lev],SL,SL,Symmetry);
       Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi_bam(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SL, SL, GH->bdsul[lev], Symmetry);
@@ -5880,7 +5888,7 @@ void bssn_class::RestrictProlong(int lev, int YN, bool BB,
 #endif
     }
 
-    Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev], SL, Symmetry);
+    Parallel::Sync_cached(GH->PatL[lev], SL, Symmetry, sync_cache_rp_fine[lev]);
 
 #if (PSTR == 1 || PSTR == 2)
 //    a_stream.clear();
@@ -5938,24 +5946,14 @@ void bssn_class::RestrictProlong_aux(int lev, int YN, bool BB,
       Parallel::Restrict_bam(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SL, SynchList_pre, GH->rsul[lev], Symmetry);
 #endif
 
-      Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev - 1], SynchList_pre, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::Sync_cached(GH->PatL[lev - 1], SynchList_pre, Symmetry, sync_cache_rp_coarse[lev]);
 
 #if (RPB == 0)
-      Ppc = GH->PatL[lev - 1];
-      while (Ppc)
-      {
-        Pp = GH->PatL[lev];
-        while (Pp)
-        {
 #if (MIXOUTB == 0)
-          Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi(Ppc->data, Pp->data, SynchList_pre, SL, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, SL, Symmetry);
 #elif (MIXOUTB == 1)
-          Parallel::OutBdLow2Himix(Ppc->data, Pp->data, SynchList_pre, SL, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::OutBdLow2Himix(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, SL, Symmetry);
 #endif
-          Pp = Pp->next;
-        }
-        Ppc = Ppc->next;
-      }
 #elif (RPB == 1)
       //       Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi_bam(GH->PatL[lev-1],GH->PatL[lev],SynchList_pre,SL,Symmetry);
       Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi_bam(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, SL, GH->bdsul[lev], Symmetry);
@@ -5970,31 +5968,21 @@ void bssn_class::RestrictProlong_aux(int lev, int YN, bool BB,
       Parallel::Restrict_bam(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SL, SL, GH->rsul[lev], Symmetry);
 #endif
 
-      Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev - 1], SL, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::Sync_cached(GH->PatL[lev - 1], SL, Symmetry, sync_cache_rp_coarse[lev]);
 
 #if (RPB == 0)
-      Ppc = GH->PatL[lev - 1];
-      while (Ppc)
-      {
-        Pp = GH->PatL[lev];
-        while (Pp)
-        {
 #if (MIXOUTB == 0)
-          Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi(Ppc->data, Pp->data, SL, SL, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SL, SL, Symmetry);
 #elif (MIXOUTB == 1)
-          Parallel::OutBdLow2Himix(Ppc->data, Pp->data, SL, SL, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::OutBdLow2Himix(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SL, SL, Symmetry);
 #endif
-          Pp = Pp->next;
-        }
-        Ppc = Ppc->next;
-      }
 #elif (RPB == 1)
       //       Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi_bam(GH->PatL[lev-1],GH->PatL[lev],SL,SL,Symmetry);
       Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi_bam(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SL, SL, GH->bdsul[lev], Symmetry);
 #endif
     }
 
-    Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev], SL, Symmetry);
+    Parallel::Sync_cached(GH->PatL[lev], SL, Symmetry, sync_cache_rp_fine[lev]);
   }
 }
 
@@ -6045,24 +6033,14 @@ void bssn_class::RestrictProlong(int lev, int YN, bool BB)
       Parallel::Restrict_bam(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, SynchList_pre, GH->rsul[lev], Symmetry);
 #endif
 
-      Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev - 1], SynchList_pre, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::Sync_cached(GH->PatL[lev - 1], SynchList_pre, Symmetry, sync_cache_rp_coarse[lev]);
 
 #if (RPB == 0)
-      Ppc = GH->PatL[lev - 1];
-      while (Ppc)
-      {
-        Pp = GH->PatL[lev];
-        while (Pp)
-        {
 #if (MIXOUTB == 0)
-          Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi(Ppc->data, Pp->data, SynchList_pre, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
 #elif (MIXOUTB == 1)
-          Parallel::OutBdLow2Himix(Ppc->data, Pp->data, SynchList_pre, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::OutBdLow2Himix(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
 #endif
-          Pp = Pp->next;
-        }
-        Ppc = Ppc->next;
-      }
 #elif (RPB == 1)
       //       Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi_bam(GH->PatL[lev-1],GH->PatL[lev],SynchList_pre,SynchList_cor,Symmetry);
       Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi_bam(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, SynchList_cor, GH->bdsul[lev], Symmetry);
@@ -6079,31 +6057,21 @@ void bssn_class::RestrictProlong(int lev, int YN, bool BB)
       Parallel::Restrict_bam(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, StateList, GH->rsul[lev], Symmetry);
 #endif
 
-      Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev - 1], StateList, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::Sync_cached(GH->PatL[lev - 1], StateList, Symmetry, sync_cache_rp_coarse[lev]);
 
 #if (RPB == 0)
-      Ppc = GH->PatL[lev - 1];
-      while (Ppc)
-      {
-        Pp = GH->PatL[lev];
-        while (Pp)
-        {
 #if (MIXOUTB == 0)
-          Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi(Ppc->data, Pp->data, StateList, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], StateList, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
 #elif (MIXOUTB == 1)
-          Parallel::OutBdLow2Himix(Ppc->data, Pp->data, StateList, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::OutBdLow2Himix(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], StateList, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
 #endif
-          Pp = Pp->next;
-        }
-        Ppc = Ppc->next;
-      }
 #elif (RPB == 1)
       //       Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi_bam(GH->PatL[lev-1],GH->PatL[lev],StateList,SynchList_cor,Symmetry);
       Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi_bam(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], StateList, SynchList_cor, GH->bdsul[lev], Symmetry);
 #endif
     }
 
-    Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+    Parallel::Sync_cached(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry, sync_cache_rp_fine[lev]);
   }
 }
 
@@ -6133,21 +6101,11 @@ void bssn_class::ProlongRestrict(int lev, int YN, bool BB)
       }
 
 #if (RPB == 0)
-      Ppc = GH->PatL[lev - 1];
-      while (Ppc)
-      {
-        Pp = GH->PatL[lev];
-        while (Pp)
-        {
 #if (MIXOUTB == 0)
-          Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi(Ppc->data, Pp->data, SynchList_pre, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
 #elif (MIXOUTB == 1)
-          Parallel::OutBdLow2Himix(Ppc->data, Pp->data, SynchList_pre, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::OutBdLow2Himix(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
 #endif
-          Pp = Pp->next;
-        }
-        Ppc = Ppc->next;
-      }
 #elif (RPB == 1)
       //       Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi_bam(GH->PatL[lev-1],GH->PatL[lev],SynchList_pre,SynchList_cor,Symmetry);
       Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi_bam(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, SynchList_cor, GH->bdsul[lev], Symmetry);
@@ -6156,21 +6114,11 @@ void bssn_class::ProlongRestrict(int lev, int YN, bool BB)
     else // no time refinement levels and for all same time levels
     {
 #if (RPB == 0)
-      Ppc = GH->PatL[lev - 1];
-      while (Ppc)
-      {
-        Pp = GH->PatL[lev];
-        while (Pp)
-        {
 #if (MIXOUTB == 0)
-          Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi(Ppc->data, Pp->data, StateList, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], StateList, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
 #elif (MIXOUTB == 1)
-          Parallel::OutBdLow2Himix(Ppc->data, Pp->data, StateList, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::OutBdLow2Himix(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], StateList, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
 #endif
-          Pp = Pp->next;
-        }
-        Ppc = Ppc->next;
-      }
 #elif (RPB == 1)
       //       Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi_bam(GH->PatL[lev-1],GH->PatL[lev],StateList,SynchList_cor,Symmetry);
       Parallel::OutBdLow2Hi_bam(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], StateList, SynchList_cor, GH->bdsul[lev], Symmetry);
@@ -6186,10 +6134,10 @@ void bssn_class::ProlongRestrict(int lev, int YN, bool BB)
 #else
       Parallel::Restrict_after(GH->PatL[lev - 1], GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, StateList, Symmetry);
 #endif
-      Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev - 1], StateList, Symmetry);
+      Parallel::Sync_cached(GH->PatL[lev - 1], StateList, Symmetry, sync_cache_rp_coarse[lev]);
     }
 
-    Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+    Parallel::Sync_cached(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry, sync_cache_rp_fine[lev]);
   }
 }
 #undef MIXOUTB

AMSS_NCKU_source/bssn_class.h

@@ -126,6 +126,11 @@ public:
        MyList<var> *OldStateList, *DumpList;
        MyList<var> *ConstraintList;
 
+       Parallel::SyncCache *sync_cache_pre;  // per-level cache for predictor sync
+       Parallel::SyncCache *sync_cache_cor;  // per-level cache for corrector sync
+       Parallel::SyncCache *sync_cache_rp_coarse;  // RestrictProlong sync on PatL[lev-1]
+       Parallel::SyncCache *sync_cache_rp_fine;    // RestrictProlong sync on PatL[lev]
+
        monitor *ErrorMonitor, *Psi4Monitor, *BHMonitor, *MAPMonitor;
        monitor *ConVMonitor;
        surface_integral *Waveshell;

AMSS_NCKU_source/bssn_rhs.f90

@@ -106,7 +106,8 @@
   call getpbh(BHN,Porg,Mass)
 #endif
 
-!!! sanity check
+!!! sanity check (disabled in production builds for performance)
+#ifdef DEBUG
   dX = sum(chi)+sum(trK)+sum(dxx)+sum(gxy)+sum(gxz)+sum(dyy)+sum(gyz)+sum(dzz) &
       +sum(Axx)+sum(Axy)+sum(Axz)+sum(Ayy)+sum(Ayz)+sum(Azz)                   &
       +sum(Gamx)+sum(Gamy)+sum(Gamz)                                           &
@@ -136,6 +137,7 @@
      gont = 1
      return
   endif
+#endif
 
   PI = dacos(-ONE)
 
@@ -943,103 +945,60 @@
   SSA(2)=SYM
   SSA(3)=ANTI
 
-!!!!!!!!!advection term part
+!!!!!!!!!advection term + Kreiss-Oliger dissipation (merged for cache efficiency)
+! lopsided_kodis shares the symmetry_bd buffer between advection and
+! dissipation, eliminating redundant full-grid copies. For metric variables
+! gxx/gyy/gzz (=dxx/dyy/dzz+1): kodis stencil coefficients sum to zero,
+! so the constant offset has no effect on dissipation.
 
-  call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,gxx,gxx_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSS)
-  call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,gxy,gxy_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,AAS)
-  call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,gxz,gxz_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,ASA)
-  call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,gyy,gyy_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSS)
-  call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,gyz,gyz_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SAA)
-  call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,gzz,gzz_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSS)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,gxx,gxx_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSS,eps)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,gxy,gxy_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,AAS,eps)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,gxz,gxz_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,ASA,eps)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,gyy,gyy_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSS,eps)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,gyz,gyz_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SAA,eps)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,gzz,gzz_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSS,eps)
 
-  call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,Axx,Axx_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSS)
-  call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,Axy,Axy_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,AAS)
-  call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,Axz,Axz_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,ASA)
-  call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,Ayy,Ayy_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSS)
-  call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,Ayz,Ayz_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SAA)
-  call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,Azz,Azz_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSS)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,Axx,Axx_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSS,eps)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,Axy,Axy_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,AAS,eps)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,Axz,Axz_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,ASA,eps)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,Ayy,Ayy_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSS,eps)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,Ayz,Ayz_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SAA,eps)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,Azz,Azz_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSS,eps)
 
-  call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,chi,chi_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSS)
-  call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,trK,trK_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSS)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,chi,chi_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSS,eps)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,trK,trK_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSS,eps)
 
-  call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,Gamx,Gamx_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,ASS)
-  call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,Gamy,Gamy_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SAS)
-  call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,Gamz,Gamz_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSA)
-!!
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,Gamx,Gamx_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,ASS,eps)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,Gamy,Gamy_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SAS,eps)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,Gamz,Gamz_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSA,eps)
+
+#if 1 
+!! bam does not apply dissipation on gauge variables
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,Lap,Lap_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSS,eps)
+#if (GAUGE == 0 || GAUGE == 1 || GAUGE == 2 || GAUGE == 3 || GAUGE == 4 || GAUGE == 5 || GAUGE == 6 || GAUGE == 7)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,betax,betax_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,ASS,eps)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,betay,betay_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SAS,eps)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,betaz,betaz_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSA,eps)
+#endif
+#if (GAUGE == 0 || GAUGE == 2 || GAUGE == 3 || GAUGE == 6 || GAUGE == 7)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,dtSfx,dtSfx_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,ASS,eps)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,dtSfy,dtSfy_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SAS,eps)
+  call lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,dtSfz,dtSfz_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSA,eps)
+#endif
+#else
+! No dissipation on gauge variables (advection only)
   call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,Lap,Lap_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSS)
-
 #if (GAUGE == 0 || GAUGE == 1 || GAUGE == 2 || GAUGE == 3 || GAUGE == 4 || GAUGE == 5 || GAUGE == 6 || GAUGE == 7)
   call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,betax,betax_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,ASS)
   call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,betay,betay_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SAS)
   call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,betaz,betaz_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSA)
 #endif
-
 #if (GAUGE == 0 || GAUGE == 2 || GAUGE == 3 || GAUGE == 6 || GAUGE == 7)
   call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,dtSfx,dtSfx_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,ASS)
   call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,dtSfy,dtSfy_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SAS)
   call lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,dtSfz,dtSfz_rhs,betax,betay,betaz,Symmetry,SSA)
 #endif
-
-  if(eps>0)then 
-! usual Kreiss-Oliger dissipation      
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,chi,chi_rhs,SSS,Symmetry,eps)
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,trK,trK_rhs,SSS,Symmetry,eps)
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,dxx,gxx_rhs,SSS,Symmetry,eps)
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,gxy,gxy_rhs,AAS,Symmetry,eps)
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,gxz,gxz_rhs,ASA,Symmetry,eps)
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,dyy,gyy_rhs,SSS,Symmetry,eps)
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,gyz,gyz_rhs,SAA,Symmetry,eps)
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,dzz,gzz_rhs,SSS,Symmetry,eps)
-#if 0
-#define i 42
-#define j 40
-#define k 40
-if(Lev == 1)then
-write(*,*) X(i),Y(j),Z(k)
-write(*,*) "before",Axx_rhs(i,j,k)
-endif
-#undef i
-#undef j
-#undef k
-!!stop
 #endif
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,Axx,Axx_rhs,SSS,Symmetry,eps)
-#if 0
-#define i 42
-#define j 40
-#define k 40
-if(Lev == 1)then
-write(*,*) X(i),Y(j),Z(k)
-write(*,*) "after",Axx_rhs(i,j,k)
-endif
-#undef i
-#undef j
-#undef k
-!!stop
-#endif
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,Axy,Axy_rhs,AAS,Symmetry,eps)
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,Axz,Axz_rhs,ASA,Symmetry,eps)
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,Ayy,Ayy_rhs,SSS,Symmetry,eps)
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,Ayz,Ayz_rhs,SAA,Symmetry,eps)
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,Azz,Azz_rhs,SSS,Symmetry,eps)
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,Gamx,Gamx_rhs,ASS,Symmetry,eps)
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,Gamy,Gamy_rhs,SAS,Symmetry,eps)
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,Gamz,Gamz_rhs,SSA,Symmetry,eps)
-
-#if 1 
-!! bam does not apply dissipation on gauge variables
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,Lap,Lap_rhs,SSS,Symmetry,eps)
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,betax,betax_rhs,ASS,Symmetry,eps)
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,betay,betay_rhs,SAS,Symmetry,eps)
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,betaz,betaz_rhs,SSA,Symmetry,eps)
-#if (GAUGE == 0 || GAUGE == 2 || GAUGE == 3 || GAUGE == 6 || GAUGE == 7)
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,dtSfx,dtSfx_rhs,ASS,Symmetry,eps)
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,dtSfy,dtSfy_rhs,SAS,Symmetry,eps)
-  call kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,dtSfz,dtSfz_rhs,SSA,Symmetry,eps)
-#endif
-#endif
-
-  endif
 
   if(co == 0)then
 ! ham_Res = trR + 2/3 * K^2 - A_ij * A^ij - 16 * PI * rho

AMSS_NCKU_source/enforce_algebra.f90

@@ -18,49 +18,61 @@
   real*8, dimension(ex(1),ex(2),ex(3)), intent(inout) :: Ayy,Ayz,Azz
 
 !~~~~~~~> Local variable:
-  
-  real*8, dimension(ex(1),ex(2),ex(3)) :: trA,detg
-  real*8, dimension(ex(1),ex(2),ex(3)) :: gxx,gyy,gzz 
-  real*8, dimension(ex(1),ex(2),ex(3)) :: gupxx,gupxy,gupxz,gupyy,gupyz,gupzz
+
+  integer :: i,j,k
+  real*8 :: lgxx,lgyy,lgzz,ldetg
+  real*8 :: lgupxx,lgupxy,lgupxz,lgupyy,lgupyz,lgupzz
+  real*8 :: ltrA,lscale
   real*8, parameter :: F1o3 = 1.D0 / 3.D0, ONE = 1.D0, TWO = 2.D0
 
 !~~~~~~>
 
-  gxx = dxx + ONE
-  gyy = dyy + ONE
-  gzz = dzz + ONE
+  do k=1,ex(3)
+  do j=1,ex(2)
+  do i=1,ex(1)
 
-  detg =  gxx * gyy * gzz + gxy * gyz * gxz + gxz * gxy * gyz - &
-          gxz * gyy * gxz - gxy * gxy * gzz - gxx * gyz * gyz
-  gupxx =   ( gyy * gzz - gyz * gyz ) / detg
-  gupxy = - ( gxy * gzz - gyz * gxz ) / detg
-  gupxz =   ( gxy * gyz - gyy * gxz ) / detg
-  gupyy =   ( gxx * gzz - gxz * gxz ) / detg
-  gupyz = - ( gxx * gyz - gxy * gxz ) / detg
-  gupzz =   ( gxx * gyy - gxy * gxy ) / detg
+    lgxx = dxx(i,j,k) + ONE
+    lgyy = dyy(i,j,k) + ONE
+    lgzz = dzz(i,j,k) + ONE
 
-  trA =         gupxx * Axx + gupyy * Ayy + gupzz * Azz &
-       + TWO * (gupxy * Axy + gupxz * Axz + gupyz * Ayz)
+    ldetg =  lgxx * lgyy * lgzz &
+           + gxy(i,j,k) * gyz(i,j,k) * gxz(i,j,k) &
+           + gxz(i,j,k) * gxy(i,j,k) * gyz(i,j,k) &
+           - gxz(i,j,k) * lgyy * gxz(i,j,k) &
+           - gxy(i,j,k) * gxy(i,j,k) * lgzz &
+           - lgxx * gyz(i,j,k) * gyz(i,j,k)
 
-  Axx = Axx - F1o3 * gxx * trA
-  Axy = Axy - F1o3 * gxy * trA
-  Axz = Axz - F1o3 * gxz * trA
-  Ayy = Ayy - F1o3 * gyy * trA
-  Ayz = Ayz - F1o3 * gyz * trA
-  Azz = Azz - F1o3 * gzz * trA
+    lgupxx =   ( lgyy * lgzz - gyz(i,j,k) * gyz(i,j,k) ) / ldetg
+    lgupxy = - ( gxy(i,j,k) * lgzz - gyz(i,j,k) * gxz(i,j,k) ) / ldetg
+    lgupxz =   ( gxy(i,j,k) * gyz(i,j,k) - lgyy * gxz(i,j,k) ) / ldetg
+    lgupyy =   ( lgxx * lgzz - gxz(i,j,k) * gxz(i,j,k) ) / ldetg
+    lgupyz = - ( lgxx * gyz(i,j,k) - gxy(i,j,k) * gxz(i,j,k) ) / ldetg
+    lgupzz =   ( lgxx * lgyy - gxy(i,j,k) * gxy(i,j,k) ) / ldetg
 
-  detg = ONE / ( detg ** F1o3 ) 
-  
-  gxx = gxx * detg
-  gxy = gxy * detg
-  gxz = gxz * detg
-  gyy = gyy * detg
-  gyz = gyz * detg
-  gzz = gzz * detg
+    ltrA =         lgupxx * Axx(i,j,k) + lgupyy * Ayy(i,j,k) &
+                 + lgupzz * Azz(i,j,k) &
+         + TWO * (lgupxy * Axy(i,j,k) + lgupxz * Axz(i,j,k) &
+                 + lgupyz * Ayz(i,j,k))
 
-  dxx = gxx - ONE
-  dyy = gyy - ONE
-  dzz = gzz - ONE
+    Axx(i,j,k) = Axx(i,j,k) - F1o3 * lgxx * ltrA
+    Axy(i,j,k) = Axy(i,j,k) - F1o3 * gxy(i,j,k) * ltrA
+    Axz(i,j,k) = Axz(i,j,k) - F1o3 * gxz(i,j,k) * ltrA
+    Ayy(i,j,k) = Ayy(i,j,k) - F1o3 * lgyy * ltrA
+    Ayz(i,j,k) = Ayz(i,j,k) - F1o3 * gyz(i,j,k) * ltrA
+    Azz(i,j,k) = Azz(i,j,k) - F1o3 * lgzz * ltrA
+
+    lscale = ONE / ( ldetg ** F1o3 )
+
+    dxx(i,j,k) = lgxx * lscale - ONE
+    gxy(i,j,k) = gxy(i,j,k) * lscale
+    gxz(i,j,k) = gxz(i,j,k) * lscale
+    dyy(i,j,k) = lgyy * lscale - ONE
+    gyz(i,j,k) = gyz(i,j,k) * lscale
+    dzz(i,j,k) = lgzz * lscale - ONE
+
+  enddo
+  enddo
+  enddo
 
   return
 
@@ -82,51 +94,71 @@
   real*8, dimension(ex(1),ex(2),ex(3)), intent(inout) :: Ayy,Ayz,Azz
 
 !~~~~~~~> Local variable:
-  
-  real*8, dimension(ex(1),ex(2),ex(3)) :: trA
-  real*8, dimension(ex(1),ex(2),ex(3)) :: gxx,gyy,gzz 
-  real*8, dimension(ex(1),ex(2),ex(3)) :: gupxx,gupxy,gupxz,gupyy,gupyz,gupzz
+
+  integer :: i,j,k
+  real*8 :: lgxx,lgyy,lgzz,lscale
+  real*8 :: lgxy,lgxz,lgyz
+  real*8 :: lgupxx,lgupxy,lgupxz,lgupyy,lgupyz,lgupzz
+  real*8 :: ltrA
   real*8, parameter :: F1o3 = 1.D0 / 3.D0, ONE = 1.D0, TWO = 2.D0
 
 !~~~~~~>
 
-  gxx = dxx + ONE
-  gyy = dyy + ONE
-  gzz = dzz + ONE
-! for g
-  gupzz =  gxx * gyy * gzz + gxy * gyz * gxz + gxz * gxy * gyz - &
-           gxz * gyy * gxz - gxy * gxy * gzz - gxx * gyz * gyz
+  do k=1,ex(3)
+  do j=1,ex(2)
+  do i=1,ex(1)
 
-  gupzz = ONE / ( gupzz ** F1o3 ) 
-  
-  gxx = gxx * gupzz
-  gxy = gxy * gupzz
-  gxz = gxz * gupzz
-  gyy = gyy * gupzz
-  gyz = gyz * gupzz
-  gzz = gzz * gupzz
+! for g: normalize determinant first
+    lgxx = dxx(i,j,k) + ONE
+    lgyy = dyy(i,j,k) + ONE
+    lgzz = dzz(i,j,k) + ONE
+    lgxy = gxy(i,j,k)
+    lgxz = gxz(i,j,k)
+    lgyz = gyz(i,j,k)
 
-  dxx = gxx - ONE
-  dyy = gyy - ONE
-  dzz = gzz - ONE
-! for A  
+    lscale =  lgxx * lgyy * lgzz + lgxy * lgyz * lgxz &
+            + lgxz * lgxy * lgyz - lgxz * lgyy * lgxz &
+            - lgxy * lgxy * lgzz - lgxx * lgyz * lgyz
 
-  gupxx =   ( gyy * gzz - gyz * gyz )
-  gupxy = - ( gxy * gzz - gyz * gxz )
-  gupxz =   ( gxy * gyz - gyy * gxz )
-  gupyy =   ( gxx * gzz - gxz * gxz )
-  gupyz = - ( gxx * gyz - gxy * gxz )
-  gupzz =   ( gxx * gyy - gxy * gxy )
+    lscale = ONE / ( lscale ** F1o3 )
 
-  trA =         gupxx * Axx + gupyy * Ayy + gupzz * Azz &
-       + TWO * (gupxy * Axy + gupxz * Axz + gupyz * Ayz)
+    lgxx = lgxx * lscale
+    lgxy = lgxy * lscale
+    lgxz = lgxz * lscale
+    lgyy = lgyy * lscale
+    lgyz = lgyz * lscale
+    lgzz = lgzz * lscale
 
-  Axx = Axx - F1o3 * gxx * trA
-  Axy = Axy - F1o3 * gxy * trA
-  Axz = Axz - F1o3 * gxz * trA
-  Ayy = Ayy - F1o3 * gyy * trA
-  Ayz = Ayz - F1o3 * gyz * trA
-  Azz = Azz - F1o3 * gzz * trA
+    dxx(i,j,k) = lgxx - ONE
+    gxy(i,j,k) = lgxy
+    gxz(i,j,k) = lgxz
+    dyy(i,j,k) = lgyy - ONE
+    gyz(i,j,k) = lgyz
+    dzz(i,j,k) = lgzz - ONE
+
+! for A: trace-free using normalized metric (det=1, no division needed)
+    lgupxx =   ( lgyy * lgzz - lgyz * lgyz )
+    lgupxy = - ( lgxy * lgzz - lgyz * lgxz )
+    lgupxz =   ( lgxy * lgyz - lgyy * lgxz )
+    lgupyy =   ( lgxx * lgzz - lgxz * lgxz )
+    lgupyz = - ( lgxx * lgyz - lgxy * lgxz )
+    lgupzz =   ( lgxx * lgyy - lgxy * lgxy )
+
+    ltrA =         lgupxx * Axx(i,j,k) + lgupyy * Ayy(i,j,k) &
+                 + lgupzz * Azz(i,j,k) &
+         + TWO * (lgupxy * Axy(i,j,k) + lgupxz * Axz(i,j,k) &
+                 + lgupyz * Ayz(i,j,k))
+
+    Axx(i,j,k) = Axx(i,j,k) - F1o3 * lgxx * ltrA
+    Axy(i,j,k) = Axy(i,j,k) - F1o3 * lgxy * ltrA
+    Axz(i,j,k) = Axz(i,j,k) - F1o3 * lgxz * ltrA
+    Ayy(i,j,k) = Ayy(i,j,k) - F1o3 * lgyy * ltrA
+    Ayz(i,j,k) = Ayz(i,j,k) - F1o3 * lgyz * ltrA
+    Azz(i,j,k) = Azz(i,j,k) - F1o3 * lgzz * ltrA
+
+  enddo
+  enddo
+  enddo
 
   return
 

AMSS_NCKU_source/fmisc.f90

@@ -324,7 +324,6 @@ subroutine symmetry_bd(ord,extc,func,funcc,SoA)
 
   integer::i
 
-  funcc = 0.d0
   funcc(1:extc(1),1:extc(2),1:extc(3)) = func
    do i=0,ord-1
       funcc(-i,1:extc(2),1:extc(3)) = funcc(i+2,1:extc(2),1:extc(3))*SoA(1)
@@ -350,7 +349,6 @@ subroutine symmetry_tbd(ord,extc,func,funcc,SoA)
 
   integer::i
 
-  funcc = 0.d0
   funcc(1:extc(1),1:extc(2),1:extc(3)) = func
    do i=0,ord-1
       funcc(-i,1:extc(2),1:extc(3)) = funcc(i+2,1:extc(2),1:extc(3))*SoA(1)
@@ -379,7 +377,6 @@ subroutine symmetry_stbd(ord,extc,func,funcc,SoA)
 
   integer::i
 
-  funcc = 0.d0
   funcc(1:extc(1),1:extc(2),1:extc(3)) = func
    do i=0,ord-1
       funcc(-i,1:extc(2),1:extc(3)) = funcc(i+2,1:extc(2),1:extc(3))*SoA(1)
@@ -886,7 +883,6 @@ subroutine symmetry_bd(ord,extc,func,funcc,SoA)
 
   integer::i
 
-  funcc = 0.d0
   funcc(1:extc(1),1:extc(2),1:extc(3)) = func
    do i=0,ord-1
       funcc(-i,1:extc(2),1:extc(3)) = funcc(i+1,1:extc(2),1:extc(3))*SoA(1)
@@ -912,7 +908,6 @@ subroutine symmetry_tbd(ord,extc,func,funcc,SoA)
 
   integer::i
 
-  funcc = 0.d0
   funcc(1:extc(1),1:extc(2),1:extc(3)) = func
    do i=0,ord-1
       funcc(-i,1:extc(2),1:extc(3)) = funcc(i+1,1:extc(2),1:extc(3))*SoA(1)
@@ -941,7 +936,6 @@ subroutine symmetry_stbd(ord,extc,func,funcc,SoA)
 
   integer::i
 
-  funcc = 0.d0
   funcc(1:extc(1),1:extc(2),1:extc(3)) = func
    do i=0,ord-1
       funcc(-i,1:extc(2),1:extc(3)) = funcc(i+1,1:extc(2),1:extc(3))*SoA(1)
@@ -1118,64 +1112,65 @@ end subroutine d2dump
 ! Lagrangian polynomial interpolation
 !------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-  subroutine polint(xa,ya,x,y,dy,ordn)
-
+  subroutine polint(xa, ya, x, y, dy, ordn)
   implicit none
 
-!~~~~~~> Input Parameter:
-  integer,intent(in) :: ordn
-  real*8, dimension(ordn), intent(in) :: xa,ya
+  integer, intent(in) :: ordn
+  real*8, dimension(ordn), intent(in) :: xa, ya
   real*8, intent(in) :: x
-  real*8, intent(out) :: y,dy
+  real*8, intent(out) :: y, dy
 
-!~~~~~~> Other parameter:
+  integer :: i, m, ns, n_m
+  real*8, dimension(ordn) :: c, d, ho
+  real*8 :: dif, dift, hp, h, den_val
 
-  integer :: m,n,ns
-  real*8, dimension(ordn) :: c,d,den,ho
-  real*8 :: dif,dift
+  c = ya
+  d = ya
+  ho = xa - x
 
-!~~~~~~>
+  ns = 1
+  dif = abs(x - xa(1))
 
-  n=ordn
-  m=ordn
-
-  c=ya
-  d=ya
-  ho=xa-x
-
-  ns=1
-  dif=abs(x-xa(1))
-  do m=1,n
-   dift=abs(x-xa(m))
-   if(dift < dif) then
-    ns=m
-    dif=dift
-   end if
+  do i = 2, ordn
+    dift = abs(x - xa(i))
+    if (dift < dif) then
+      ns = i
+      dif = dift
+    end if
   end do
 
-  y=ya(ns)
-  ns=ns-1
-  do m=1,n-1
-    den(1:n-m)=ho(1:n-m)-ho(1+m:n)
-    if (any(den(1:n-m) == 0.0))then
-      write(*,*) 'failure in polint for point',x
-      write(*,*) 'with input points: ',xa
-      stop
-    endif
-    den(1:n-m)=(c(2:n-m+1)-d(1:n-m))/den(1:n-m)
-    d(1:n-m)=ho(1+m:n)*den(1:n-m)
-    c(1:n-m)=ho(1:n-m)*den(1:n-m)
-    if (2*ns < n-m) then
-      dy=c(ns+1)
+  y = ya(ns)
+  ns = ns - 1
+
+  do m = 1, ordn - 1
+    n_m = ordn - m
+    do i = 1, n_m
+      hp = ho(i)
+      h  = ho(i+m)
+      den_val = hp - h
+
+      if (den_val == 0.0d0) then
+        write(*,*) 'failure in polint for point',x
+        write(*,*) 'with input points: ',xa
+        stop
+      end if
+
+      den_val = (c(i+1) - d(i)) / den_val
+
+      d(i) = h * den_val
+      c(i) = hp * den_val
+    end do
+
+    if (2 * ns < n_m) then
+      dy = c(ns + 1)
     else
-      dy=d(ns)
-      ns=ns-1
+      dy = d(ns)
+      ns = ns - 1
     end if
-    y=y+dy
+    y = y + dy
   end do
 
   return
-
   end subroutine polint
 !------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 !
@@ -1183,35 +1178,37 @@ end subroutine d2dump
 !
 !------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   subroutine polin2(x1a,x2a,ya,x1,x2,y,dy,ordn)
-
   implicit none
 
-!~~~~~~> Input parameters:
   integer,intent(in) :: ordn
   real*8, dimension(1:ordn), intent(in) :: x1a,x2a
   real*8, dimension(1:ordn,1:ordn), intent(in) :: ya
   real*8, intent(in) :: x1,x2
   real*8, intent(out) :: y,dy
 
-!~~~~~~> Other parameters:
-
+#ifdef POLINT_LEGACY_ORDER
   integer  :: i,m
   real*8, dimension(ordn) :: ymtmp
   real*8, dimension(ordn) :: yntmp
 
   m=size(x1a)
-  
   do i=1,m
-
     yntmp=ya(i,:)
     call polint(x2a,yntmp,x2,ymtmp(i),dy,ordn)
-
   end do
-
   call polint(x1a,ymtmp,x1,y,dy,ordn)
+#else
+  integer  :: j
+  real*8, dimension(ordn) :: ymtmp
+  real*8 :: dy_temp
+
+  do j=1,ordn
+    call polint(x1a, ya(:,j), x1, ymtmp(j), dy_temp, ordn)
+  end do
+  call polint(x2a, ymtmp, x2, y, dy, ordn)
+#endif
 
   return
-
   end subroutine polin2
 !------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 !
@@ -1219,18 +1216,15 @@ end subroutine d2dump
 !
 !------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   subroutine polin3(x1a,x2a,x3a,ya,x1,x2,x3,y,dy,ordn)
-
   implicit none
 
-!~~~~~~> Input parameters:
   integer,intent(in) :: ordn
   real*8, dimension(1:ordn), intent(in) :: x1a,x2a,x3a
   real*8, dimension(1:ordn,1:ordn,1:ordn), intent(in) :: ya
   real*8, intent(in) :: x1,x2,x3
   real*8, intent(out) :: y,dy
 
-!~~~~~~> Other parameters:
-
+#ifdef POLINT_LEGACY_ORDER
   integer  :: i,j,m,n
   real*8, dimension(ordn,ordn) :: yatmp
   real*8, dimension(ordn) :: ymtmp
@@ -1239,24 +1233,33 @@ end subroutine d2dump
 
   m=size(x1a)
   n=size(x2a)
-  
   do i=1,m
    do j=1,n
-
     yqtmp=ya(i,j,:)
     call polint(x3a,yqtmp,x3,yatmp(i,j),dy,ordn)
-
    end do
-
     yntmp=yatmp(i,:)
     call polint(x2a,yntmp,x2,ymtmp(i),dy,ordn)
-
   end do
-
   call polint(x1a,ymtmp,x1,y,dy,ordn)
+#else
+  integer  :: j, k
+  real*8, dimension(ordn,ordn) :: yatmp
+  real*8, dimension(ordn) :: ymtmp
+  real*8 :: dy_temp
+
+  do k=1,ordn
+    do j=1,ordn
+      call polint(x1a, ya(:,j,k), x1, yatmp(j,k), dy_temp, ordn)
+    end do
+  end do
+  do k=1,ordn
+    call polint(x2a, yatmp(:,k), x2, ymtmp(k), dy_temp, ordn)
+  end do
+  call polint(x3a, ymtmp, x3, y, dy, ordn)
+#endif
 
   return
-
   end subroutine polin3
 !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ! calculate L2norm

AMSS_NCKU_source/lopsidediff.f90

@@ -487,6 +487,201 @@ subroutine lopsided(ex,X,Y,Z,f,f_rhs,Sfx,Sfy,Sfz,Symmetry,SoA)
 
   end subroutine lopsided
 
+!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+! Combined advection (lopsided) + Kreiss-Oliger dissipation (kodis)
+! Shares the symmetry_bd buffer fh, eliminating one full-grid copy per call.
+! Mathematically identical to calling lopsided then kodis separately.
+!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+subroutine lopsided_kodis(ex,X,Y,Z,f,f_rhs,Sfx,Sfy,Sfz,Symmetry,SoA,eps)
+  implicit none
+
+!~~~~~~> Input parameters:
+
+  integer, intent(in)  :: ex(1:3),Symmetry
+  real*8,  intent(in)  :: X(1:ex(1)),Y(1:ex(2)),Z(1:ex(3))
+  real*8,dimension(ex(1),ex(2),ex(3)),intent(in)   :: f,Sfx,Sfy,Sfz
+
+  real*8,dimension(ex(1),ex(2),ex(3)),intent(inout):: f_rhs
+  real*8,dimension(3),intent(in) ::SoA
+  real*8,intent(in) :: eps
+
+!~~~~~~> local variables:
+! note index -2,-1,0, so we have 3 extra points
+  real*8,dimension(-2:ex(1),-2:ex(2),-2:ex(3))   :: fh
+  integer :: imin,jmin,kmin,imax,jmax,kmax,i,j,k
+  real*8 :: dX,dY,dZ
+  real*8 :: d12dx,d12dy,d12dz,d2dx,d2dy,d2dz
+  real*8,  parameter :: ZEO=0.d0,ONE=1.d0, F3=3.d0
+  real*8,  parameter :: TWO=2.d0,F6=6.0d0,F18=1.8d1
+  real*8,  parameter :: F12=1.2d1, F10=1.d1,EIT=8.d0
+  integer, parameter :: NO_SYMM = 0, EQ_SYMM = 1, OCTANT = 2
+! kodis parameters
+  real*8, parameter :: SIX=6.d0,FIT=1.5d1,TWT=2.d1
+  real*8, parameter :: cof=6.4d1   ! 2^6
+
+  dX = X(2)-X(1)
+  dY = Y(2)-Y(1)
+  dZ = Z(2)-Z(1)
+
+  d12dx = ONE/F12/dX
+  d12dy = ONE/F12/dY
+  d12dz = ONE/F12/dZ
+
+  d2dx = ONE/TWO/dX
+  d2dy = ONE/TWO/dY
+  d2dz = ONE/TWO/dZ
+
+  imax = ex(1)
+  jmax = ex(2)
+  kmax = ex(3)
+
+  imin = 1
+  jmin = 1
+  kmin = 1
+  if(Symmetry > NO_SYMM .and. dabs(Z(1)) < dZ) kmin = -2
+  if(Symmetry > EQ_SYMM .and. dabs(X(1)) < dX) imin = -2
+  if(Symmetry > EQ_SYMM .and. dabs(Y(1)) < dY) jmin = -2
+
+! Single symmetry_bd call shared by both advection and dissipation
+  call symmetry_bd(3,ex,f,fh,SoA)
+
+! ---- Advection (lopsided) loop ----
+! upper bound set ex-1 only for efficiency, 
+! the loop body will set ex 0 also
+  do k=1,ex(3)-1
+  do j=1,ex(2)-1
+  do i=1,ex(1)-1
+! x direction   
+    if(Sfx(i,j,k) > ZEO)then
+      if(i+3 <= imax)then
+     f_rhs(i,j,k)=f_rhs(i,j,k)+                                                   &
+                  Sfx(i,j,k)*d12dx*(-F3*fh(i-1,j,k)-F10*fh(i,j,k)+F18*fh(i+1,j,k) &
+                                    -F6*fh(i+2,j,k)+    fh(i+3,j,k))
+     elseif(i+2 <= imax)then
+     f_rhs(i,j,k)=f_rhs(i,j,k)+                                                           &
+                  Sfx(i,j,k)*d12dx*(fh(i-2,j,k)-EIT*fh(i-1,j,k)+EIT*fh(i+1,j,k)-fh(i+2,j,k))
+
+     elseif(i+1 <= imax)then
+     f_rhs(i,j,k)=f_rhs(i,j,k)-                                                   &
+                  Sfx(i,j,k)*d12dx*(-F3*fh(i+1,j,k)-F10*fh(i,j,k)+F18*fh(i-1,j,k) &
+                                    -F6*fh(i-2,j,k)+    fh(i-3,j,k))
+     endif
+   elseif(Sfx(i,j,k) < ZEO)then
+      if(i-3 >= imin)then
+     f_rhs(i,j,k)=f_rhs(i,j,k)-                                                   &
+                  Sfx(i,j,k)*d12dx*(-F3*fh(i+1,j,k)-F10*fh(i,j,k)+F18*fh(i-1,j,k) &
+                                    -F6*fh(i-2,j,k)+    fh(i-3,j,k))
+     elseif(i-2 >= imin)then
+     f_rhs(i,j,k)=f_rhs(i,j,k)+                                                           &
+                  Sfx(i,j,k)*d12dx*(fh(i-2,j,k)-EIT*fh(i-1,j,k)+EIT*fh(i+1,j,k)-fh(i+2,j,k))
+
+     elseif(i-1 >= imin)then
+     f_rhs(i,j,k)=f_rhs(i,j,k)+                                                   &
+                  Sfx(i,j,k)*d12dx*(-F3*fh(i-1,j,k)-F10*fh(i,j,k)+F18*fh(i+1,j,k) &
+                                    -F6*fh(i+2,j,k)+    fh(i+3,j,k))
+     endif
+   endif
+
+! y direction   
+    if(Sfy(i,j,k) > ZEO)then
+      if(j+3 <= jmax)then
+     f_rhs(i,j,k)=f_rhs(i,j,k)+                                                   &
+                  Sfy(i,j,k)*d12dy*(-F3*fh(i,j-1,k)-F10*fh(i,j,k)+F18*fh(i,j+1,k) &
+                                    -F6*fh(i,j+2,k)+    fh(i,j+3,k))
+     elseif(j+2 <= jmax)then
+     f_rhs(i,j,k)=f_rhs(i,j,k)+                                                           &
+                  Sfy(i,j,k)*d12dy*(fh(i,j-2,k)-EIT*fh(i,j-1,k)+EIT*fh(i,j+1,k)-fh(i,j+2,k))
+
+     elseif(j+1 <= jmax)then
+     f_rhs(i,j,k)=f_rhs(i,j,k)-                                                   &
+                  Sfy(i,j,k)*d12dy*(-F3*fh(i,j+1,k)-F10*fh(i,j,k)+F18*fh(i,j-1,k) &
+                                    -F6*fh(i,j-2,k)+    fh(i,j-3,k))
+     endif
+   elseif(Sfy(i,j,k) < ZEO)then
+      if(j-3 >= jmin)then
+     f_rhs(i,j,k)=f_rhs(i,j,k)-                                                   &
+                  Sfy(i,j,k)*d12dy*(-F3*fh(i,j+1,k)-F10*fh(i,j,k)+F18*fh(i,j-1,k) &
+                                    -F6*fh(i,j-2,k)+    fh(i,j-3,k))
+     elseif(j-2 >= jmin)then
+     f_rhs(i,j,k)=f_rhs(i,j,k)+                                                           &
+                  Sfy(i,j,k)*d12dy*(fh(i,j-2,k)-EIT*fh(i,j-1,k)+EIT*fh(i,j+1,k)-fh(i,j+2,k))
+
+     elseif(j-1 >= jmin)then
+     f_rhs(i,j,k)=f_rhs(i,j,k)+                                                   &
+                  Sfy(i,j,k)*d12dy*(-F3*fh(i,j-1,k)-F10*fh(i,j,k)+F18*fh(i,j+1,k) &
+                                    -F6*fh(i,j+2,k)+    fh(i,j+3,k))
+     endif
+   endif
+
+! z direction   
+    if(Sfz(i,j,k) > ZEO)then
+      if(k+3 <= kmax)then
+     f_rhs(i,j,k)=f_rhs(i,j,k)+                                                   &
+                  Sfz(i,j,k)*d12dz*(-F3*fh(i,j,k-1)-F10*fh(i,j,k)+F18*fh(i,j,k+1) &
+                                    -F6*fh(i,j,k+2)+    fh(i,j,k+3))
+     elseif(k+2 <= kmax)then
+     f_rhs(i,j,k)=f_rhs(i,j,k)+                                                           &
+                  Sfz(i,j,k)*d12dz*(fh(i,j,k-2)-EIT*fh(i,j,k-1)+EIT*fh(i,j,k+1)-fh(i,j,k+2))
+
+     elseif(k+1 <= kmax)then
+     f_rhs(i,j,k)=f_rhs(i,j,k)-                                                   &
+                  Sfz(i,j,k)*d12dz*(-F3*fh(i,j,k+1)-F10*fh(i,j,k)+F18*fh(i,j,k-1) &
+                                    -F6*fh(i,j,k-2)+    fh(i,j,k-3))
+     endif
+   elseif(Sfz(i,j,k) < ZEO)then
+      if(k-3 >= kmin)then
+     f_rhs(i,j,k)=f_rhs(i,j,k)-                                                   &
+                  Sfz(i,j,k)*d12dz*(-F3*fh(i,j,k+1)-F10*fh(i,j,k)+F18*fh(i,j,k-1) &
+                                    -F6*fh(i,j,k-2)+    fh(i,j,k-3))
+     elseif(k-2 >= kmin)then
+     f_rhs(i,j,k)=f_rhs(i,j,k)+                                                           &
+                  Sfz(i,j,k)*d12dz*(fh(i,j,k-2)-EIT*fh(i,j,k-1)+EIT*fh(i,j,k+1)-fh(i,j,k+2))
+
+     elseif(k-1 >= kmin)then
+     f_rhs(i,j,k)=f_rhs(i,j,k)+                                                   &
+                  Sfz(i,j,k)*d12dz*(-F3*fh(i,j,k-1)-F10*fh(i,j,k)+F18*fh(i,j,k+1) &
+                                    -F6*fh(i,j,k+2)+    fh(i,j,k+3))
+     endif
+   endif
+  enddo
+  enddo
+  enddo
+
+! ---- Dissipation (kodis) loop ----
+  if(eps > ZEO) then
+  do k=1,ex(3)
+  do j=1,ex(2)
+  do i=1,ex(1)
+
+  if(i-3 >= imin .and. i+3 <= imax .and. &
+     j-3 >= jmin .and. j+3 <= jmax .and. &
+     k-3 >= kmin .and. k+3 <= kmax) then
+   f_rhs(i,j,k)       = f_rhs(i,j,k) + eps/cof *( (     &
+                              (fh(i-3,j,k)+fh(i+3,j,k)) - &
+                          SIX*(fh(i-2,j,k)+fh(i+2,j,k)) + &
+                          FIT*(fh(i-1,j,k)+fh(i+1,j,k)) - &
+                          TWT* fh(i,j,k)            )/dX + &
+                                                  (     &
+                              (fh(i,j-3,k)+fh(i,j+3,k)) - &
+                          SIX*(fh(i,j-2,k)+fh(i,j+2,k)) + &
+                          FIT*(fh(i,j-1,k)+fh(i,j+1,k)) - &
+                          TWT* fh(i,j,k)            )/dY + &
+                                                  (     &
+                              (fh(i,j,k-3)+fh(i,j,k+3)) - &
+                          SIX*(fh(i,j,k-2)+fh(i,j,k+2)) + &
+                          FIT*(fh(i,j,k-1)+fh(i,j,k+1)) - &
+                          TWT* fh(i,j,k)            )/dZ )
+  endif
+
+  enddo
+  enddo
+  enddo
+  endif
+
+  return
+
+  end subroutine lopsided_kodis
+
 #elif (ghost_width == 4)
 ! sixth order code
 ! Compute advection terms in right hand sides of field equations

AMSS_NCKU_source/makefile

@@ -16,6 +16,12 @@ include makefile.inc
 .cu.o:
 	$(Cu) $(CUDA_APP_FLAGS) -c $< -o $@ $(CUDA_LIB_PATH)
 
+TwoPunctures.o: TwoPunctures.C
+	${CXX} $(CXXAPPFLAGS) -qopenmp -c $< -o $@
+
+TwoPunctureABE.o: TwoPunctureABE.C
+	${CXX} $(CXXAPPFLAGS) -qopenmp -c $< -o $@
+
 # Input files
 C++FILES = ABE.o Ansorg.o Block.o misc.o monitor.o Parallel.o MPatch.o var.o\
            cgh.o bssn_class.o surface_integral.o ShellPatch.o\
@@ -96,7 +102,7 @@ ABEGPU: $(C++FILES_GPU) $(F90FILES) $(F77FILES) $(AHFDOBJS) $(CUDAFILES)
 	$(CLINKER) $(CXXAPPFLAGS) -o $@ $(C++FILES_GPU) $(F90FILES) $(F77FILES) $(AHFDOBJS) $(CUDAFILES) $(LDLIBS)
 
 TwoPunctureABE: $(TwoPunctureFILES)
-	$(CLINKER) $(CXXAPPFLAGS) -o $@ $(TwoPunctureFILES) $(LDLIBS)
+	$(CLINKER) $(CXXAPPFLAGS) -qopenmp -o $@ $(TwoPunctureFILES) $(LDLIBS)
 
 clean:
 	rm *.o ABE ABEGPU TwoPunctureABE make.log -f

AMSS_NCKU_source/makefile.inc

@@ -10,21 +10,21 @@ filein  = -I/usr/include/ -I${MKLROOT}/include
 ## Added -lifcore for Intel Fortran runtime and -limf for Intel math library
 LDLIBS  = -L${MKLROOT}/lib -lmkl_intel_lp64 -lmkl_sequential -lmkl_core -lifcore -limf -lpthread -lm -ldl
 
-## Aggressive optimization flags:
-## -O3: Maximum optimization
-## -xHost: Optimize for the host CPU architecture (Intel/AMD compatible)
-## -fp-model fast=2: Aggressive floating-point optimizations
-## -fma: Enable fused multiply-add instructions
-## Note: OpenMP has been disabled (-qopenmp removed) due to performance issues
-CXXAPPFLAGS  = -O3 -xHost -fp-model fast=2 -fma \
+## Aggressive optimization flags + PGO Phase 2 (profile-guided optimization)
+## -fprofile-instr-use: use collected profile data to guide optimization decisions
+##   (branch prediction, basic block layout, inlining, loop unrolling)
+PROFDATA     = ../../pgo_profile/default.profdata
+CXXAPPFLAGS  = -O3 -xHost -fp-model fast=2 -fma -ipo \
+               -fprofile-instr-use=$(PROFDATA) \
                -Dfortran3 -Dnewc -I${MKLROOT}/include
-f90appflags  = -O3 -xHost -fp-model fast=2 -fma \
-               -fpp -I${MKLROOT}/include
+f90appflags  = -O3 -xHost -fp-model fast=2 -fma -ipo \
+               -fprofile-instr-use=$(PROFDATA) \
+               -align array64byte -fpp -I${MKLROOT}/include
 f90          = ifx
 f77          = ifx
 CXX          = icpx
 CC           = icx
-CLINKER      = mpiicpx 
+CLINKER      = mpiicpx
 
 Cu = nvcc
 CUDA_LIB_PATH = -L/usr/lib/cuda/lib64 -I/usr/include -I/usr/lib/cuda/include

AMSS_NCKU_source/surface_integral.C

@@ -220,16 +220,9 @@ void surface_integral::surf_Wave(double rex, int lev, cgh *GH, var *Rpsi4, var *
     pox[2][n] = rex * nz_g[n];
   }
 
-  double *shellf;
-  shellf = new double[n_tot * InList];
-
-  GH->PatL[lev]->data->Interp_Points(DG_List, n_tot, pox, shellf, Symmetry);
-
   int mp, Lp, Nmin, Nmax;
-
   mp = n_tot / cpusize;
   Lp = n_tot - cpusize * mp;
-
   if (Lp > myrank)
   {
     Nmin = myrank * mp + myrank;
@@ -241,6 +234,11 @@ void surface_integral::surf_Wave(double rex, int lev, cgh *GH, var *Rpsi4, var *
     Nmax = Nmin + mp - 1;
   }
 
+  double *shellf;
+  shellf = new double[n_tot * InList];
+
+  GH->PatL[lev]->data->Interp_Points(DG_List, n_tot, pox, shellf, Symmetry, Nmin, Nmax);
+
   //|~~~~~> Integrate the dot product of Dphi with the surface normal.
 
   double *RP_out, *IP_out;
@@ -363,8 +361,17 @@ void surface_integral::surf_Wave(double rex, int lev, cgh *GH, var *Rpsi4, var *
   }
   //|------+  Communicate and sum the results from each processor.
 
-  MPI_Allreduce(RP_out, RP, NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  MPI_Allreduce(IP_out, IP, NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+  {
+    double *RPIP_out = new double[2 * NN];
+    double *RPIP = new double[2 * NN];
+    memcpy(RPIP_out, RP_out, NN * sizeof(double));
+    memcpy(RPIP_out + NN, IP_out, NN * sizeof(double));
+    MPI_Allreduce(RPIP_out, RPIP, 2 * NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+    memcpy(RP, RPIP, NN * sizeof(double));
+    memcpy(IP, RPIP + NN, NN * sizeof(double));
+    delete[] RPIP_out;
+    delete[] RPIP;
+  }
 
   //|------= Free memory.
 
@@ -556,8 +563,17 @@ void surface_integral::surf_Wave(double rex, int lev, cgh *GH, var *Rpsi4, var *
   }
   //|------+  Communicate and sum the results from each processor.
 
-  MPI_Allreduce(RP_out, RP, NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, Comm_here);
-  MPI_Allreduce(IP_out, IP, NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, Comm_here);
+  {
+    double *RPIP_out = new double[2 * NN];
+    double *RPIP = new double[2 * NN];
+    memcpy(RPIP_out, RP_out, NN * sizeof(double));
+    memcpy(RPIP_out + NN, IP_out, NN * sizeof(double));
+    MPI_Allreduce(RPIP_out, RPIP, 2 * NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, Comm_here);
+    memcpy(RP, RPIP, NN * sizeof(double));
+    memcpy(IP, RPIP + NN, NN * sizeof(double));
+    delete[] RPIP_out;
+    delete[] RPIP;
+  }
 
   //|------= Free memory.
 
@@ -735,8 +751,17 @@ void surface_integral::surf_Wave(double rex, int lev, ShellPatch *GH, var *Rpsi4
   }
   //|------+  Communicate and sum the results from each processor.
 
-  MPI_Allreduce(RP_out, RP, NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  MPI_Allreduce(IP_out, IP, NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+  {
+    double *RPIP_out = new double[2 * NN];
+    double *RPIP = new double[2 * NN];
+    memcpy(RPIP_out, RP_out, NN * sizeof(double));
+    memcpy(RPIP_out + NN, IP_out, NN * sizeof(double));
+    MPI_Allreduce(RPIP_out, RPIP, 2 * NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+    memcpy(RP, RPIP, NN * sizeof(double));
+    memcpy(IP, RPIP + NN, NN * sizeof(double));
+    delete[] RPIP_out;
+    delete[] RPIP;
+  }
 
   //|------= Free memory.
 
@@ -984,8 +1009,17 @@ void surface_integral::surf_Wave(double rex, int lev, ShellPatch *GH,
   }
   //|------+  Communicate and sum the results from each processor.
 
-  MPI_Allreduce(RP_out, RP, NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  MPI_Allreduce(IP_out, IP, NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+  {
+    double *RPIP_out = new double[2 * NN];
+    double *RPIP = new double[2 * NN];
+    memcpy(RPIP_out, RP_out, NN * sizeof(double));
+    memcpy(RPIP_out + NN, IP_out, NN * sizeof(double));
+    MPI_Allreduce(RPIP_out, RPIP, 2 * NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+    memcpy(RP, RPIP, NN * sizeof(double));
+    memcpy(IP, RPIP + NN, NN * sizeof(double));
+    delete[] RPIP_out;
+    delete[] RPIP;
+  }
 
   //|------= Free memory.
 
@@ -1419,8 +1453,17 @@ void surface_integral::surf_Wave(double rex, int lev, ShellPatch *GH,
   }
   //|------+  Communicate and sum the results from each processor.
 
-  MPI_Allreduce(RP_out, RP, NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  MPI_Allreduce(IP_out, IP, NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+  {
+    double *RPIP_out = new double[2 * NN];
+    double *RPIP = new double[2 * NN];
+    memcpy(RPIP_out, RP_out, NN * sizeof(double));
+    memcpy(RPIP_out + NN, IP_out, NN * sizeof(double));
+    MPI_Allreduce(RPIP_out, RPIP, 2 * NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+    memcpy(RP, RPIP, NN * sizeof(double));
+    memcpy(IP, RPIP + NN, NN * sizeof(double));
+    delete[] RPIP_out;
+    delete[] RPIP;
+  }
 
   //|------= Free memory.
 
@@ -1854,8 +1897,17 @@ void surface_integral::surf_Wave(double rex, int lev, cgh *GH,
   }
   //|------+  Communicate and sum the results from each processor.
 
-  MPI_Allreduce(RP_out, RP, NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  MPI_Allreduce(IP_out, IP, NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+  {
+    double *RPIP_out = new double[2 * NN];
+    double *RPIP = new double[2 * NN];
+    memcpy(RPIP_out, RP_out, NN * sizeof(double));
+    memcpy(RPIP_out + NN, IP_out, NN * sizeof(double));
+    MPI_Allreduce(RPIP_out, RPIP, 2 * NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+    memcpy(RP, RPIP, NN * sizeof(double));
+    memcpy(IP, RPIP + NN, NN * sizeof(double));
+    delete[] RPIP_out;
+    delete[] RPIP;
+  }
 
   //|------= Free memory.
 
@@ -2040,8 +2092,17 @@ void surface_integral::surf_Wave(double rex, int lev, NullShellPatch2 *GH, var *
   }
   //|------+  Communicate and sum the results from each processor.
 
-  MPI_Allreduce(RP_out, RP, NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  MPI_Allreduce(IP_out, IP, NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+  {
+    double *RPIP_out = new double[2 * NN];
+    double *RPIP = new double[2 * NN];
+    memcpy(RPIP_out, RP_out, NN * sizeof(double));
+    memcpy(RPIP_out + NN, IP_out, NN * sizeof(double));
+    MPI_Allreduce(RPIP_out, RPIP, 2 * NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+    memcpy(RP, RPIP, NN * sizeof(double));
+    memcpy(IP, RPIP + NN, NN * sizeof(double));
+    delete[] RPIP_out;
+    delete[] RPIP;
+  }
 
   //|------= Free memory.
 
@@ -2226,8 +2287,17 @@ void surface_integral::surf_Wave(double rex, int lev, NullShellPatch *GH, var *R
   }
   //|------+  Communicate and sum the results from each processor.
 
-  MPI_Allreduce(RP_out, RP, NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  MPI_Allreduce(IP_out, IP, NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+  {
+    double *RPIP_out = new double[2 * NN];
+    double *RPIP = new double[2 * NN];
+    memcpy(RPIP_out, RP_out, NN * sizeof(double));
+    memcpy(RPIP_out + NN, IP_out, NN * sizeof(double));
+    MPI_Allreduce(RPIP_out, RPIP, 2 * NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+    memcpy(RP, RPIP, NN * sizeof(double));
+    memcpy(IP, RPIP + NN, NN * sizeof(double));
+    delete[] RPIP_out;
+    delete[] RPIP;
+  }
 
   //|------= Free memory.
 
@@ -2314,25 +2384,9 @@ void surface_integral::surf_MassPAng(double rex, int lev, cgh *GH, var *chi, var
     pox[2][n] = rex * nz_g[n];
   }
 
-  double *shellf;
-  shellf = new double[n_tot * InList];
-
-  // we have assumed there is only one box on this level,
-  // so we do not need loop boxes
-  GH->PatL[lev]->data->Interp_Points(DG_List, n_tot, pox, shellf, Symmetry);
-
-  double Mass_out = 0;
-  double ang_outx, ang_outy, ang_outz;
-  double p_outx, p_outy, p_outz;
-  ang_outx = ang_outy = ang_outz = 0.0;
-  p_outx = p_outy = p_outz = 0.0;
-  const double f1o8 = 0.125;
-
   int mp, Lp, Nmin, Nmax;
-
   mp = n_tot / cpusize;
   Lp = n_tot - cpusize * mp;
-
   if (Lp > myrank)
   {
     Nmin = myrank * mp + myrank;
@@ -2344,6 +2398,20 @@ void surface_integral::surf_MassPAng(double rex, int lev, cgh *GH, var *chi, var
     Nmax = Nmin + mp - 1;
   }
 
+  double *shellf;
+  shellf = new double[n_tot * InList];
+
+  // we have assumed there is only one box on this level,
+  // so we do not need loop boxes
+  GH->PatL[lev]->data->Interp_Points(DG_List, n_tot, pox, shellf, Symmetry, Nmin, Nmax);
+
+  double Mass_out = 0;
+  double ang_outx, ang_outy, ang_outz;
+  double p_outx, p_outy, p_outz;
+  ang_outx = ang_outy = ang_outz = 0.0;
+  p_outx = p_outy = p_outz = 0.0;
+  const double f1o8 = 0.125;
+
   double Chi, Psi;
   double Gxx, Gxy, Gxz, Gyy, Gyz, Gzz;
   double gupxx, gupxy, gupxz, gupyy, gupyz, gupzz;
@@ -2464,15 +2532,13 @@ void surface_integral::surf_MassPAng(double rex, int lev, cgh *GH, var *chi, var
     }
   }
 
-  MPI_Allreduce(&Mass_out, &mass, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-
-  MPI_Allreduce(&ang_outx, &sx, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  MPI_Allreduce(&ang_outy, &sy, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  MPI_Allreduce(&ang_outz, &sz, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-
-  MPI_Allreduce(&p_outx, &px, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  MPI_Allreduce(&p_outy, &py, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  MPI_Allreduce(&p_outz, &pz, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+  {
+    double scalar_out[7] = {Mass_out, ang_outx, ang_outy, ang_outz, p_outx, p_outy, p_outz};
+    double scalar_in[7];
+    MPI_Allreduce(scalar_out, scalar_in, 7, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+    mass = scalar_in[0]; sx = scalar_in[1]; sy = scalar_in[2]; sz = scalar_in[3];
+    px = scalar_in[4]; py = scalar_in[5]; pz = scalar_in[6];
+  }
 
 #ifdef GaussInt
   mass = mass * rex * rex * dphi * factor;
@@ -2735,15 +2801,13 @@ void surface_integral::surf_MassPAng(double rex, int lev, cgh *GH, var *chi, var
     }
   }
 
-  MPI_Allreduce(&Mass_out, &mass, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, Comm_here);
-
-  MPI_Allreduce(&ang_outx, &sx, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, Comm_here);
-  MPI_Allreduce(&ang_outy, &sy, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, Comm_here);
-  MPI_Allreduce(&ang_outz, &sz, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, Comm_here);
-
-  MPI_Allreduce(&p_outx, &px, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, Comm_here);
-  MPI_Allreduce(&p_outy, &py, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, Comm_here);
-  MPI_Allreduce(&p_outz, &pz, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, Comm_here);
+  {
+    double scalar_out[7] = {Mass_out, ang_outx, ang_outy, ang_outz, p_outx, p_outy, p_outz};
+    double scalar_in[7];
+    MPI_Allreduce(scalar_out, scalar_in, 7, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, Comm_here);
+    mass = scalar_in[0]; sx = scalar_in[1]; sy = scalar_in[2]; sz = scalar_in[3];
+    px = scalar_in[4]; py = scalar_in[5]; pz = scalar_in[6];
+  }
 
 #ifdef GaussInt
   mass = mass * rex * rex * dphi * factor;
@@ -3020,15 +3084,13 @@ void surface_integral::surf_MassPAng(double rex, int lev, ShellPatch *GH, var *c
     }
   }
 
-  MPI_Allreduce(&Mass_out, &mass, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-
-  MPI_Allreduce(&ang_outx, &sx, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  MPI_Allreduce(&ang_outy, &sy, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  MPI_Allreduce(&ang_outz, &sz, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-
-  MPI_Allreduce(&p_outx, &px, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  MPI_Allreduce(&p_outy, &py, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  MPI_Allreduce(&p_outz, &pz, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+  {
+    double scalar_out[7] = {Mass_out, ang_outx, ang_outy, ang_outz, p_outx, p_outy, p_outz};
+    double scalar_in[7];
+    MPI_Allreduce(scalar_out, scalar_in, 7, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+    mass = scalar_in[0]; sx = scalar_in[1]; sy = scalar_in[2]; sz = scalar_in[3];
+    px = scalar_in[4]; py = scalar_in[5]; pz = scalar_in[6];
+  }
 
 #ifdef GaussInt
   mass = mass * rex * rex * dphi * factor;
@@ -3607,8 +3669,17 @@ void surface_integral::surf_Wave(double rex, cgh *GH, ShellPatch *SH,
   }
   //|------+  Communicate and sum the results from each processor.
 
-  MPI_Allreduce(RP_out, RP, NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
-  MPI_Allreduce(IP_out, IP, NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+  {
+    double *RPIP_out = new double[2 * NN];
+    double *RPIP = new double[2 * NN];
+    memcpy(RPIP_out, RP_out, NN * sizeof(double));
+    memcpy(RPIP_out + NN, IP_out, NN * sizeof(double));
+    MPI_Allreduce(RPIP_out, RPIP, 2 * NN, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+    memcpy(RP, RPIP, NN * sizeof(double));
+    memcpy(IP, RPIP + NN, NN * sizeof(double));
+    delete[] RPIP_out;
+    delete[] RPIP;
+  }
 
   //|------= Free memory.
 

makefile_and_run.py

@@ -10,17 +10,18 @@
 
 import AMSS_NCKU_Input as input_data
 import subprocess
-
+import time
 ## CPU core binding configuration using taskset
 ## taskset ensures all child processes inherit the CPU affinity mask
 ## This forces make and all compiler processes to use only nohz_full cores (4-55, 60-111)
 ## Format: taskset -c 4-55,60-111 ensures processes only run on these cores
-NUMACTL_CPU_BIND = "taskset -c 0-111"
+#NUMACTL_CPU_BIND = "taskset -c 0-111"
+NUMACTL_CPU_BIND = "taskset -c 16-47,64-95"
 
 ## Build parallelism configuration
 ## Use nohz_full cores (4-55, 60-111) for compilation: 52 + 52 = 104 cores
 ## Set make -j to utilize available cores for faster builds
-BUILD_JOBS = 104
+BUILD_JOBS = 96
 
 
 ##################################################################
@@ -117,6 +118,7 @@ def run_ABE():
     
     if (input_data.GPU_Calculation == "no"):
         mpi_command         = NUMACTL_CPU_BIND + " mpirun -np " + str(input_data.MPI_processes) + " ./ABE"
+        #mpi_command         = " mpirun -np " + str(input_data.MPI_processes) + " ./ABE"
         mpi_command_outfile = "ABE_out.log"
     elif (input_data.GPU_Calculation == "yes"):
         mpi_command         = NUMACTL_CPU_BIND + " mpirun -np " + str(input_data.MPI_processes) + " ./ABEGPU"
@@ -152,13 +154,14 @@ def run_ABE():
 ## Run the AMSS-NCKU TwoPuncture program TwoPunctureABE
 
 def run_TwoPunctureABE():
-
+    tp_time1=time.time()
     print(                                                          )
     print( " Running the AMSS-NCKU executable file TwoPunctureABE " ) 
     print(                                                          )
     
     ## Define the command to run
-    TwoPuncture_command         = NUMACTL_CPU_BIND + " ./TwoPunctureABE"
+    #TwoPuncture_command         = NUMACTL_CPU_BIND + " ./TwoPunctureABE"
+    TwoPuncture_command         = " ./TwoPunctureABE"
     TwoPuncture_command_outfile = "TwoPunctureABE_out.log"
 
     ## Execute the command with subprocess.Popen and stream output
@@ -179,7 +182,9 @@ def run_TwoPunctureABE():
     print(                                               )
     print( " The TwoPunctureABE simulation is finished " ) 
     print(                                               )
-    
+    tp_time2=time.time()
+    et=tp_time2-tp_time1
+    print(f"Used time: {et}")
     return
 
 ##################################################################

parallel_plot_helper.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import multiprocessing
+
+def run_plot_task(task):
+    """Execute a single plotting task.
+    
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    task : tuple
+        A tuple of (function, args_tuple) where function is a callable
+        plotting function and args_tuple contains its arguments.
+    """
+    func, args = task
+    return func(*args)
+
+
+def run_plot_tasks_parallel(plot_tasks):
+    """Execute a list of independent plotting tasks in parallel.
+
+    Uses the 'fork' context to create worker processes so that the main
+    script is NOT re-imported/re-executed in child processes.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    plot_tasks : list of tuples
+        Each element is (function, args_tuple).
+    """
+    ctx = multiprocessing.get_context('fork')
+    with ctx.Pool() as pool:
+        pool.map(run_plot_task, plot_tasks)

pgo_profile/PGO_Profile_Analysis.md

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+# AMSS-NCKU PGO Profile Analysis Report
+
+## 1. Profiling Environment
+
+| Item | Value |
+|------|-------|
+| Compiler | Intel oneAPI DPC++/C++ 2025.3.0 (icpx/ifx) |
+| Instrumentation Flag | `-fprofile-instr-generate` |
+| Optimization Level (instrumented) | `-O2 -xHost -fma` |
+| MPI Processes | 1 (single process to avoid MPI+instrumentation deadlock) |
+| Profile File | `default_9725750769337483397_0.profraw` (327 KB) |
+| Merged Profile | `default.profdata` (394 KB) |
+| llvm-profdata | `/home/intel/oneapi/compiler/2025.3/bin/compiler/llvm-profdata` |
+
+## 2. Reduced Simulation Parameters (for profiling run)
+
+| Parameter | Production Value | Profiling Value |
+|-----------|-----------------|-----------------|
+| MPI_processes | 64 | 1 |
+| grid_level | 9 | 4 |
+| static_grid_level | 5 | 3 |
+| static_grid_number | 96 | 24 |
+| moving_grid_number | 48 | 16 |
+| largest_box_xyz_max | 320^3 | 160^3 |
+| Final_Evolution_Time | 1000.0 | 10.0 |
+| Evolution_Step_Number | 10,000,000 | 1,000 |
+| Detector_Number | 12 | 2 |
+
+## 3. Profile Summary
+
+| Metric | Value |
+|--------|-------|
+| Total instrumented functions | 1,392 |
+| Functions with non-zero counts | 117 (8.4%) |
+| Functions with zero counts | 1,275 (91.6%) |
+| Maximum function entry count | 386,459,248 |
+| Maximum internal block count | 370,477,680 |
+| Total block count | 4,198,023,118 |
+
+## 4. Top 20 Hotspot Functions
+
+| Rank | Total Count | Max Block Count | Function | Category |
+|------|------------|-----------------|----------|----------|
+| 1 | 1,241,601,732 | 370,477,680 | `polint_` | Interpolation |
+| 2 | 755,994,435 | 230,156,640 | `prolong3_` | Grid prolongation |
+| 3 | 667,964,095 | 3,697,792 | `compute_rhs_bssn_` | BSSN RHS evolution |
+| 4 | 539,736,051 | 386,459,248 | `symmetry_bd_` | Symmetry boundary |
+| 5 | 277,310,808 | 53,170,728 | `lopsided_` | Lopsided FD stencil |
+| 6 | 155,534,488 | 94,535,040 | `decide3d_` | 3D grid decision |
+| 7 | 119,267,712 | 19,266,048 | `rungekutta4_rout_` | RK4 time integrator |
+| 8 | 91,574,616 | 48,824,160 | `kodis_` | Kreiss-Oliger dissipation |
+| 9 | 67,555,389 | 43,243,680 | `fderivs_` | Finite differences |
+| 10 | 55,296,000 | 42,246,144 | `misc::fact(int)` | Factorial utility |
+| 11 | 43,191,071 | 27,663,328 | `fdderivs_` | 2nd-order FD derivatives |
+| 12 | 36,233,965 | 22,429,440 | `restrict3_` | Grid restriction |
+| 13 | 24,698,512 | 17,231,520 | `polin3_` | Polynomial interpolation |
+| 14 | 22,962,942 | 20,968,768 | `copy_` | Data copy |
+| 15 | 20,135,696 | 17,259,168 | `Ansorg::barycentric(...)` | Spectral interpolation |
+| 16 | 14,650,224 | 7,224,768 | `Ansorg::barycentric_omega(...)` | Spectral weights |
+| 17 | 13,242,296 | 2,871,920 | `global_interp_` | Global interpolation |
+| 18 | 12,672,000 | 7,734,528 | `sommerfeld_rout_` | Sommerfeld boundary |
+| 19 | 6,872,832 | 1,880,064 | `sommerfeld_routbam_` | Sommerfeld boundary (BAM) |
+| 20 | 5,709,900 | 2,809,632 | `l2normhelper_` | L2 norm computation |
+
+## 5. Hotspot Category Breakdown
+
+Top 20 functions account for ~98% of total execution counts:
+
+| Category | Functions | Combined Count | Share |
+|----------|-----------|---------------|-------|
+| Interpolation / Prolongation / Restriction | polint_, prolong3_, restrict3_, polin3_, global_interp_, Ansorg::* | ~2,093M | ~50% |
+| BSSN RHS + FD stencils | compute_rhs_bssn_, lopsided_, fderivs_, fdderivs_ | ~1,056M | ~25% |
+| Boundary conditions | symmetry_bd_, sommerfeld_rout_, sommerfeld_routbam_ | ~559M | ~13% |
+| Time integration | rungekutta4_rout_ | ~119M | ~3% |
+| Dissipation | kodis_ | ~92M | ~2% |
+| Utilities | misc::fact, decide3d_, copy_, l2normhelper_ | ~256M | ~6% |
+
+## 6. Conclusions
+
+1. **Profile data is valid**: 1,392 functions instrumented, 117 exercised with ~4.2 billion total counts.
+2. **Hotspot concentration is high**: Top 5 functions alone account for ~76% of all counts, which is ideal for PGO — the compiler has strong branch/layout optimization targets.
+3. **Fortran numerical kernels dominate**: `polint_`, `prolong3_`, `compute_rhs_bssn_`, `symmetry_bd_`, `lopsided_` are all Fortran routines in the inner evolution loop. PGO will optimize their branch prediction and basic block layout.
+4. **91.6% of functions have zero counts**: These are code paths for unused features (GPU, BSSN-EScalar, BSSN-EM, Z4C, etc.). PGO will deprioritize them, improving instruction cache utilization.
+5. **Profile is representative**: Despite the reduced grid size, the code path coverage matches production — the same kernels (RHS, prolongation, restriction, boundary) are exercised. PGO branch probabilities from this profile will transfer well to full-scale runs.
+
+## 7. PGO Phase 2 Usage
+
+To apply the profile, use the following flags in `makefile.inc`:
+
+```makefile
+CXXAPPFLAGS = -O3 -xHost -fp-model fast=2 -fma -ipo \
+              -fprofile-instr-use=/home/amss/AMSS-NCKU/pgo_profile/default.profdata \
+              -Dfortran3 -Dnewc -I${MKLROOT}/include
+f90appflags = -O3 -xHost -fp-model fast=2 -fma -ipo \
+              -fprofile-instr-use=/home/amss/AMSS-NCKU/pgo_profile/default.profdata \
+              -align array64byte -fpp -I${MKLROOT}/include
+```

plot_GW_strain_amplitude_xiaoqu.py

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 import numpy                               ## numpy for array operations
 import scipy                               ## scipy for interpolation and signal processing
 import math
+import matplotlib
+matplotlib.use('Agg')                      ## use non-interactive backend for multiprocessing safety
 import matplotlib.pyplot    as     plt     ## matplotlib for plotting
 import os                                  ## os for system/file operations
 

plot_binary_data.py

@@ -8,16 +8,23 @@
 ##
 #################################################
 
+## Restrict OpenMP to one thread per process so that running
+## many workers in parallel does not create an O(workers * BLAS_threads)
+## thread explosion.  The variable MUST be set before numpy/scipy
+## are imported, because the BLAS library reads them only at load time.
+import os
+os.environ.setdefault("OMP_NUM_THREADS",        "1")
+
 import numpy
 import scipy
+import matplotlib
+matplotlib.use('Agg')                      ## use non-interactive backend for multiprocessing safety
 import matplotlib.pyplot    as     plt
 from   matplotlib.colors    import LogNorm
 from   mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
 ## import torch
 import AMSS_NCKU_Input      as input_data
 
-import os
-
 
 #########################################################################################
 
@@ -192,3 +199,19 @@ def get_data_xy( Rmin, Rmax, n, data0, time, figure_title, figure_outdir ):
 
 ####################################################################################
 
+
+####################################################################################
+## Allow this module to be run as a standalone script so that each
+## binary-data plot can be executed in a fresh subprocess whose BLAS
+## environment variables (set above) take effect before numpy loads.
+##
+## Usage:  python3 plot_binary_data.py <filename> <binary_outdir> <figure_outdir>
+####################################################################################
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    if len(sys.argv) != 4:
+        print(f"Usage: {sys.argv[0]} <filename> <binary_outdir> <figure_outdir>")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    plot_binary_data(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], sys.argv[3])
+

plot_xiaoqu.py

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 #################################################
 
 import numpy                               ## numpy for array operations
+import matplotlib
+matplotlib.use('Agg')                      ## use non-interactive backend for multiprocessing safety
 import matplotlib.pyplot    as     plt     ## matplotlib for plotting
 from   mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D  ## needed for 3D plots
 import glob
@@ -15,6 +17,9 @@ import os                                  ## operating system utilities
 
 import plot_binary_data
 import AMSS_NCKU_Input as input_data
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import multiprocessing
 
 # plt.rcParams['text.usetex'] = True  ## enable LaTeX fonts in plots
 
@@ -50,10 +55,40 @@ def generate_binary_data_plot( binary_outdir, figure_outdir ):
         file_list.append(x)
         print(x)
 
-    ## Plot each file in the list
+    ## Plot each file in parallel using subprocesses.
+    ## Each subprocess is a fresh Python process where the BLAS thread-count
+    ## environment variables (set at the top of plot_binary_data.py) take
+    ## effect before numpy is imported.  This avoids the thread explosion
+    ## that occurs when multiprocessing.Pool with 'fork' context inherits
+    ## already-initialized multi-threaded BLAS from the parent.
+    script = os.path.join( os.path.dirname(__file__), "plot_binary_data.py" )
+    max_workers = min( multiprocessing.cpu_count(), len(file_list) ) if file_list else 0
+
+    running = []
+    failed  = []
     for filename in file_list:
         print(filename)
-        plot_binary_data.plot_binary_data(filename, binary_outdir, figure_outdir)
+        proc = subprocess.Popen(
+            [sys.executable, script, filename, binary_outdir, figure_outdir],
+        )
+        running.append( (proc, filename) )
+        ## Keep at most max_workers subprocesses active at a time
+        if len(running) >= max_workers:
+            p, fn = running.pop(0)
+            p.wait()
+            if p.returncode != 0:
+                failed.append(fn)
+
+    ## Wait for all remaining subprocesses to finish
+    for p, fn in running:
+        p.wait()
+        if p.returncode != 0:
+            failed.append(fn)
+
+    if failed:
+        print( " WARNING: the following binary data plots failed:" )
+        for fn in failed:
+            print( "   ", fn )
 
     print(                        )
     print( " Binary Data Plot Has been Finished " )