diff --git a/src/include/midend/IR.h b/src/include/midend/IR.h
index 241f28f..73a93cc 100644
--- a/src/include/midend/IR.h
+++ b/src/include/midend/IR.h
@@ -98,7 +98,6 @@ class PointerType : public Type {
 
  public:
   Type* getBaseType() const { return baseType; }  ///< 获取指向的类型
-  void print(std::ostream& os) const override;
 };
 
 class FunctionType : public Type {
@@ -118,7 +117,6 @@ class FunctionType : public Type {
   Type* getReturnType() const { return returnType; }          ///< 获取返回值类信息
   auto getParamTypes() const { return make_range(paramTypes); }        ///< 获取形参类型列表
   unsigned getNumParams() const { return paramTypes.size(); }  ///< 获取形参数量
-  void print(std::ostream& os) const override;
 };
 
 class ArrayType : public Type {
@@ -135,7 +133,6 @@ class ArrayType : public Type {
       : Type(Kind::kArray), elementType(elementType), numElements(numElements) {}
   Type *elementType;
   unsigned numElements; // 当前维度的大小
-  void print(std::ostream& os) const override;
 };
 
 /*!
@@ -980,16 +977,10 @@ class CallInst : public Instruction {
   friend class IRBuilder;
 
 protected:
-  CallInst(Function *callee, const std::vector<Value *> &args, BasicBlock *parent = nullptr, const std::string &name = "")
-    : Instruction(kCall, callee->getReturnType(), parent, name) {
-    addOperand(callee);
-    for (auto arg : args) {
-      addOperand(arg);
-    }
-  }
+  CallInst(Function *callee, const std::vector<Value *> &args, BasicBlock *parent = nullptr, const std::string &name = "");
 
 public:
-  Function *getCallee() const { return dynamic_cast<Function *>(getOperand(0)); }
+  Function *getCallee() const;
   auto getArguments() const {
     return make_range(std::next(operand_begin()), operand_end());
   }
diff --git a/src/midend/IR.cpp b/src/midend/IR.cpp
index 37e1a9a..c0901cf 100644
--- a/src/midend/IR.cpp
+++ b/src/midend/IR.cpp
@@ -209,6 +209,62 @@ ArrayType *ArrayType::get(Type *elementType, unsigned numElements) {
   return result.first->get();
 }
 
+void Argument::print(std::ostream& os) const {
+  os << *getType() << " %" << getName();
+}
+
+void GlobalValue::print(std::ostream& os) const {
+  // 输出全局变量的LLVM IR格式
+  os << "@" << getName() << " = global ";
+  
+  // 输出初始化值
+  if (initValues.size() > 0) {
+    os << *getType()->as<PointerType>()->getBaseType() << " ";
+    if (initValues.size() == 1) {
+      // 单个初始值
+      initValues.getValue(0)->print(os);
+    } else {
+      // 数组初始值 
+      os << "[";
+      for (unsigned i = 0; i < initValues.size(); ++i) {
+        if (i > 0) os << ", ";
+        auto value = initValues.getValue(i);
+        os << *value->getType() << " ";
+        value->print(os);
+      }
+      os << "]";
+    }
+  } else {
+    os << *getType()->as<PointerType>()->getBaseType() << " zeroinitializer";
+  }
+}
+
+void ConstantVariable::print(std::ostream& os) const {
+  // 输出常量的LLVM IR格式 
+  os << "@" << getName() << " = constant ";
+  
+  // 输出初始化值
+  if (initValues.size() > 0) {
+    os << *getType()->as<PointerType>()->getBaseType() << " ";
+    if (initValues.size() == 1) {
+      // 单个初始值
+      initValues.getValue(0)->print(os);
+    } else {
+      // 数组初始值
+      os << "[";
+      for (unsigned i = 0; i < initValues.size(); ++i) {
+        if (i > 0) os << ", ";
+        auto value = initValues.getValue(i);
+        os << *value->getType() << " ";
+        value->print(os);
+      }
+      os << "]";
+    }
+  } else {
+    os << *getType()->as<PointerType>()->getBaseType() << " zeroinitializer";
+  }
+}
+
 // void Value::replaceAllUsesWith(Value *value) {
 //   for (auto &use : uses) {
 //     auto user = use->getUser();
@@ -349,6 +405,18 @@ void PhiInst::print(std::ostream &os) const {
   }
 }
 
+CallInst::CallInst(Function *callee, const std::vector<Value *> &args, BasicBlock *parent, const std::string &name)
+    : Instruction(kCall, callee->getReturnType(), parent, name) {
+  addOperand(callee);
+  for (auto arg : args) {
+    addOperand(arg);
+  }
+}
+
+Function *CallInst::getCallee() const {
+  return dynamic_cast<Function *>(getOperand(0));
+}
+
 void CallInst::print(std::ostream &os) const {
   if(!getType()->isVoid()) {
     printVarName(os, this) << " = ";
@@ -488,9 +556,9 @@ void MemsetInst::print(std::ostream &os) const {
   os << "call void @llvm.memset.p0i8.i32(i8* ";
   printOperand(os, getPointer());
   os << ", i8 ";
-  printOperand(os, getOperand(3)); // value
+  printOperand(os, getValue()); // value
   os << ", i32 ";
-  printOperand(os, getOperand(2)); // size
+  printOperand(os, getSize()); // size
   os << ", i1 false)";
 }
 
@@ -779,4 +847,146 @@ auto BasicBlock::moveInst(iterator sourcePos, iterator targetPos, BasicBlock *bl
   return instructions.erase(sourcePos);
 }
 
+/**
+ * 为Value重命名以符合LLVM IR格式
+ */
+void renameValues(Function* function) {
+  std::unordered_map<Value*, std::string> valueNames;
+  unsigned tempCounter = 0;
+  unsigned labelCounter = 0;
+  
+  // 检查名字是否需要重命名（只有纯数字或空名字才需要重命名）
+  auto needsRename = [](const std::string& name) {
+    if (name.empty()) return true;
+    
+    // 检查是否为纯数字
+    for (char c : name) {
+      if (!std::isdigit(c)) {
+        return false; // 包含非数字字符，不需要重命名
+      }
+    }
+    return true; // 纯数字或空字符串，需要重命名
+  };
+  
+  // 重命名函数参数
+  for (auto arg : function->getArguments()) {
+    if (needsRename(arg->getName())) {
+      valueNames[arg] = "%" + std::to_string(tempCounter++);
+      arg->setName(valueNames[arg].substr(1)); // 去掉%前缀，因为printVarName会加上
+    }
+  }
+  
+  // 重命名基本块
+  for (auto& block : function->getBasicBlocks()) {
+    if (needsRename(block->getName())) {
+      valueNames[block.get()] = "label" + std::to_string(labelCounter++);
+      block->setName(valueNames[block.get()]);
+    }
+  }
+  
+  // 重命名指令
+  for (auto& block : function->getBasicBlocks()) {
+    for (auto& inst : block->getInstructions()) {
+      // 只有产生值的指令需要重命名
+      if (!inst->getType()->isVoid() && needsRename(inst->getName())) {
+        valueNames[inst.get()] = "%" + std::to_string(tempCounter++);
+        inst->setName(valueNames[inst.get()].substr(1)); // 去掉%前缀
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Function::print(std::ostream& os) const {
+  // 重命名所有值
+  auto* mutableThis = const_cast<Function*>(this);
+  renameValues(mutableThis);
+  
+  // 打印函数签名
+  os << "define " << *getReturnType() << " ";
+  printFunctionName(os, this);
+  os << "(";
+  
+  // 打印参数列表
+  const auto& args = const_cast<Function*>(this)->getArguments();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
+    if (i > 0) os << ", ";
+    os << *args[i]->getType() << " ";
+    printVarName(os, args[i]);
+  }
+  os << ") {\n";
+  
+  // 打印基本块
+  for (auto& block : const_cast<Function*>(this)->getBasicBlocks()) {
+    block->print(os);
+  } 
+  
+  os << "}\n";
+}
+
+void Module::print(std::ostream& os) const {
+  // 打印全局变量声明
+  for (auto& globalVar : const_cast<Module*>(this)->getGlobals()) {
+    printVarName(os, globalVar.get());
+    os << " = global " << *globalVar->getType()->as<PointerType>()->getBaseType();
+    
+    // 打印初始值
+    const auto& initValues = globalVar->getInitValues();
+    if (initValues.size() > 0) {
+      os << " ";
+      // 简化处理：只打印第一个初始值
+      initValues.getValue(0)->print(os);
+    } else {
+      // 默认初始化
+      if (globalVar->getType()->as<PointerType>()->getBaseType()->isInt()) {
+        os << " 0";
+      } else if (globalVar->getType()->as<PointerType>()->getBaseType()->isFloat()) {
+        os << " 0.0";
+      } else {
+        os << " zeroinitializer";
+      }
+    }
+    os << "\n";
+  }
+  
+  // 打印常量声明
+  for (auto& constVar : getConsts()) {
+    printVarName(os, constVar.get());
+    os << " = constant " << *constVar->getType()->as<PointerType>()->getBaseType();
+    os << " ";
+    const auto& initValues = constVar->getInitValues();
+    if (initValues.size() > 0) {
+      initValues.getValue(0)->print(os);
+    } else {
+      os << "0";
+    }
+    os << "\n";
+  }
+  
+  // 打印外部函数声明
+  for (auto& extFunc : getExternalFunctions()) {
+    os << "declare " << *extFunc.second->getReturnType() << " ";
+    printFunctionName(os, extFunc.second.get());
+    os << "(";
+    
+    const auto& paramTypes = extFunc.second->getParamTypes();
+    bool first = true;
+    for (auto paramType : paramTypes) {
+      if (!first) os << ", ";
+      os << *paramType;
+      first = false;
+    }
+    os << ")\n";
+  }
+  
+  if (!getExternalFunctions().empty()) {
+    os << "\n"; // 外部函数和普通函数之间加空行
+  }
+  
+  // 打印函数定义
+  for (auto& func : const_cast<Module*>(this)->getFunctions()) {
+    func.second->print(os);
+    os << "\n"; // 函数之间加空行
+  }
+}
+
 }  // namespace sysy