diff --git a/src/backend/RISCv64/RISCv64Backend.cpp b/src/backend/RISCv64/RISCv64Backend.cpp
index ce5b465..2797eb7 100644
--- a/src/backend/RISCv64/RISCv64Backend.cpp
+++ b/src/backend/RISCv64/RISCv64Backend.cpp
@@ -12,6 +12,24 @@ std::string RISCv64CodeGen::code_gen() {
     return module_gen();
 }
 
+void printInitializer(std::stringstream& ss, const ValueCounter& init_values) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < init_values.getValues().size(); ++i) {
+        auto val = init_values.getValues()[i];
+        auto count = init_values.getNumbers()[i];
+        if (auto constant = dynamic_cast<ConstantValue*>(val)) { 
+            for (unsigned j = 0; j < count; ++j) {
+                if (constant->isInt()) {
+                    ss << "    .word " << constant->getInt() << "\n";
+                } else {
+                    float f = constant->getFloat();
+                    uint32_t float_bits = *(uint32_t*)&f;
+                    ss << "    .word " << float_bits << "\n";
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 std::string RISCv64CodeGen::module_gen() {
     std::stringstream ss;
     
@@ -65,22 +83,7 @@ std::string RISCv64CodeGen::module_gen() {
         for (GlobalValue* global : data_globals) {
             ss << ".globl " << global->getName() << "\n";
             ss << global->getName() << ":\n";
-            const auto& init_values = global->getInitValues();
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < init_values.getValues().size(); ++i) {
-                auto val = init_values.getValues()[i];
-                auto count = init_values.getNumbers()[i];
-                if (auto constant = dynamic_cast<ConstantValue*>(val)) {
-                    for (unsigned j = 0; j < count; ++j) {
-                        if (constant->isInt()) {
-                            ss << "    .word " << constant->getInt() << "\n";
-                        } else {
-                            float f = constant->getFloat();
-                            uint32_t float_bits = *(uint32_t*)&f;
-                            ss << "    .word " << float_bits << "\n";
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+            printInitializer(ss, global->getInitValues());
         }
 
         // b. [新增] 再处理全局常量 (ConstantVariable)
@@ -88,23 +91,7 @@ std::string RISCv64CodeGen::module_gen() {
             ConstantVariable* cnst = const_ptr.get();
             ss << ".globl " << cnst->getName() << "\n";
             ss << cnst->getName() << ":\n";
-            const auto& init_values = cnst->getInitValues();
-            // 这部分逻辑和处理 GlobalValue 完全相同
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < init_values.getValues().size(); ++i) {
-                auto val = init_values.getValues()[i];
-                auto count = init_values.getNumbers()[i];
-                if (auto constant = dynamic_cast<ConstantValue*>(val)) {
-                    for (unsigned j = 0; j < count; ++j) {
-                        if (constant->isInt()) {
-                            ss << "    .word " << constant->getInt() << "\n";
-                        } else {
-                            float f = constant->getFloat();
-                            uint32_t float_bits = *(uint32_t*)&f;
-                            ss << "    .word " << float_bits << "\n";
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+            printInitializer(ss, cnst->getInitValues());
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/RISCv64/RISCv64ISel.cpp b/src/backend/RISCv64/RISCv64ISel.cpp
index f07c0e5..871a3e7 100644
--- a/src/backend/RISCv64/RISCv64ISel.cpp
+++ b/src/backend/RISCv64/RISCv64ISel.cpp
@@ -152,17 +152,18 @@ void RISCv64ISel::selectBasicBlock(BasicBlock* bb) {
     
     for (const auto& inst_ptr : bb->getInstructions()) {
         DAGNode* node_to_select = nullptr;
-        if (value_to_node.count(inst_ptr.get())) {
-            node_to_select = value_to_node.at(inst_ptr.get());
+        auto it = value_to_node.find(inst_ptr.get());
+        if (it != value_to_node.end()) {
+            node_to_select = it->second;
         } else {
-            for(const auto& node : dag) {
-                if(node->value == inst_ptr.get()) {
-                    node_to_select = node.get();
-                    break;
-                }
+        for(const auto& node : dag) {
+            if(node->value == inst_ptr.get()) {
+                node_to_select = node.get();
+            break;
             }
         }
-        if(node_to_select) {
+    }
+    if(node_to_select) {
             select_recursive(node_to_select);
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/backend/RISCv64/RISCv64RegAlloc.cpp b/src/backend/RISCv64/RISCv64RegAlloc.cpp
index 4010833..cf73191 100644
--- a/src/backend/RISCv64/RISCv64RegAlloc.cpp
+++ b/src/backend/RISCv64/RISCv64RegAlloc.cpp
@@ -398,13 +398,15 @@ void RISCv64RegAlloc::getInstrUseDef(MachineInstr* instr, LiveSet& use, LiveSet&
                     }
                 } else { // [修复] CALL指令也可能定义物理寄存器（如a0）
                     if (first_reg_operand_is_def) {
-                         if (preg_to_vreg_id_map.count(reg_op->getPReg())) {
-                            def.insert(preg_to_vreg_id_map.at(reg_op->getPReg()));
-                        }
+                        auto it = preg_to_vreg_id_map.find(reg_op->getPReg());
+                        if (it != preg_to_vreg_id_map.end()) {
+                            def.insert(it->second);
+                        } 
                         first_reg_operand_is_def = false;
                     } else {
-                         if (preg_to_vreg_id_map.count(reg_op->getPReg())) {
-                            use.insert(preg_to_vreg_id_map.at(reg_op->getPReg()));
+                        auto it = preg_to_vreg_id_map.find(reg_op->getPReg());
+                        if (it != preg_to_vreg_id_map.end()) {
+                            use.insert(it->second);
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -444,9 +446,10 @@ void RISCv64RegAlloc::getInstrUseDef(MachineInstr* instr, LiveSet& use, LiveSet&
                 if (reg_op->isVirtual()) {
                     def.insert(reg_op->getVRegNum());
                 } else { // 物理寄存器也可以是 Def
-                    if (preg_to_vreg_id_map.count(reg_op->getPReg())) {
-                        def.insert(preg_to_vreg_id_map.at(reg_op->getPReg()));
-                    }
+                    auto it = preg_to_vreg_id_map.find(reg_op->getPReg());
+                    if (it != preg_to_vreg_id_map.end()) {
+                        def.insert(it->second);
+                    } 
                 }
                 first_reg_is_def = false; // **关键**：处理完第一个寄存器后，立即更新标志
             } else {
@@ -454,8 +457,9 @@ void RISCv64RegAlloc::getInstrUseDef(MachineInstr* instr, LiveSet& use, LiveSet&
                 if (reg_op->isVirtual()) {
                     use.insert(reg_op->getVRegNum());
                 } else { // 物理寄存器也可以是 Use
-                    if (preg_to_vreg_id_map.count(reg_op->getPReg())) {
-                        use.insert(preg_to_vreg_id_map.at(reg_op->getPReg()));
+                    auto it = preg_to_vreg_id_map.find(reg_op->getPReg());
+                    if (it != preg_to_vreg_id_map.end()) {
+                        use.insert(it->second);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -467,8 +471,9 @@ void RISCv64RegAlloc::getInstrUseDef(MachineInstr* instr, LiveSet& use, LiveSet&
                 use.insert(base_reg->getVRegNum());
             } else {
                 PhysicalReg preg = base_reg->getPReg();
-                if (preg_to_vreg_id_map.count(preg)) {
-                    use.insert(preg_to_vreg_id_map.at(preg));
+                auto it = preg_to_vreg_id_map.find(preg);
+                if (it != preg_to_vreg_id_map.end()) {
+                    use.insert(it->second);
                 }
             }
             
@@ -480,8 +485,9 @@ void RISCv64RegAlloc::getInstrUseDef(MachineInstr* instr, LiveSet& use, LiveSet&
                 if (src_reg_op->isVirtual()) {
                     use.insert(src_reg_op->getVRegNum());
                 } else {
-                    if (preg_to_vreg_id_map.count(src_reg_op->getPReg())) {
-                       use.insert(preg_to_vreg_id_map.at(src_reg_op->getPReg()));
+                    auto it = preg_to_vreg_id_map.find(src_reg_op->getPReg());
+                    if (it != preg_to_vreg_id_map.end()) {
+                        use.insert(it->second);
                     }
                 }
             }