#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

int getint() {
    int x;
    if (scanf("%d", &x) != 1) return 0;
    return x;
}

int getch() {
    return getchar();
}

float getfloat() {
    double x;
    if (scanf("%lf", &x) != 1) return 0.0f;
    return (float)x;
}

int getarray(int a[]) {
    int n;
    if (scanf("%d", &n) != 1) return 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (scanf("%d", &a[i]) != 1) break;
    }
    return n;
}

int getfarray(float a[]) {
    int n;
    if (scanf("%d", &n) != 1) return 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        double val;
        if (scanf("%lf", &val) != 1) break;
        a[i] = (float)val;
    }
    return n;
}

void putint(int x) {
    printf("%d", x);
}

void putch(int x) {
    putchar(x);
}

void putfloat(float x) {
    printf("%a", x);
}

void putarray(int n, int a[]) {
    printf("%d:", n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        printf(" %d", a[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");
}

void putfarray(int n, float a[]) {
    printf("%d:", n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        printf(" %a", a[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");
}

struct timeval start, stop;
void starttime() {
    gettimeofday(&start, NULL);
}

void stoptime() {
    gettimeofday(&stop, NULL);
    long long duration = (stop.tv_sec - start.tv_sec) * 1000000LL + (stop.tv_usec - start.tv_usec);
    printf("timer: %lld us\n", duration);
}