refactor(dev): unify compiler error logging

src/utils/Log.h

@@ -1,11 +1,20 @@
 // 轻量日志接口。
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <exception>
 #include <iosfwd>
-#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
 
-#define LOG_INFO(msg) std::cerr << "[info] " << msg << "\n"
-#define LOG_ERROR(msg) std::cerr << "[error] " << msg << "\n"
+void LogInfo(std::string_view msg, std::ostream& os);
+void LogError(std::string_view msg, std::ostream& os);
+
+std::string FormatError(std::string_view stage, std::string_view msg);
+std::string FormatErrorAt(std::string_view stage, std::size_t line,
+                          std::size_t column, std::string_view msg);
+bool HasErrorPrefix(std::string_view msg, std::string_view stage);
+void PrintException(std::ostream& os, const std::exception& ex);
 
 // 打印命令行帮助信息（用于 `compiler --help`）。
 void PrintHelp(std::ostream& os);