From dd2443c9268d7b362662e46fe51b162fe13c690b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ianchb <i@4t.pw>
Date: Mon, 9 Feb 2026 21:40:27 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Fix load explosion: use subprocess for binary data plots to
 avoid thread conflict

Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 AMSS_NCKU_Program.py |  8 ++++++++
 plot_binary_data.py  | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 plot_xiaoqu.py       | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 3 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/AMSS_NCKU_Program.py b/AMSS_NCKU_Program.py
index 214f800..6a7952a 100755
--- a/AMSS_NCKU_Program.py
+++ b/AMSS_NCKU_Program.py
@@ -8,6 +8,14 @@
 ##
 ##################################################################
 
+## Guard against re-execution by multiprocessing child processes.
+## Without this, using 'spawn' or 'forkserver' context would cause every
+## worker to re-run the entire script, spawning exponentially more
+## workers (fork bomb).
+if __name__ != '__main__':
+    import sys as _sys
+    _sys.exit(0)
+
 
 ##################################################################
 
diff --git a/plot_binary_data.py b/plot_binary_data.py
index 3ed947d..78b5a4c 100755
--- a/plot_binary_data.py
+++ b/plot_binary_data.py
@@ -8,6 +8,17 @@
 ##
 #################################################
 
+## Restrict BLAS/OpenMP to one thread per process so that running
+## many workers in parallel does not create an O(workers * BLAS_threads)
+## thread explosion.  These variables MUST be set before numpy/scipy
+## are imported, because the BLAS library reads them only at load time.
+import os
+os.environ.setdefault("OMP_NUM_THREADS",        "1")
+os.environ.setdefault("OPENBLAS_NUM_THREADS",   "1")
+os.environ.setdefault("MKL_NUM_THREADS",        "1")
+os.environ.setdefault("VECLIB_MAXIMUM_THREADS", "1")
+os.environ.setdefault("NUMEXPR_NUM_THREADS",    "1")
+
 import numpy
 import scipy
 import matplotlib
@@ -18,8 +29,6 @@ from   mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
 ## import torch
 import AMSS_NCKU_Input      as input_data
 
-import os
-
 
 #########################################################################################
 
@@ -194,3 +203,19 @@ def get_data_xy( Rmin, Rmax, n, data0, time, figure_title, figure_outdir ):
 
 ####################################################################################
 
+
+####################################################################################
+## Allow this module to be run as a standalone script so that each
+## binary-data plot can be executed in a fresh subprocess whose BLAS
+## environment variables (set above) take effect before numpy loads.
+##
+## Usage:  python3 plot_binary_data.py <filename> <binary_outdir> <figure_outdir>
+####################################################################################
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    if len(sys.argv) != 4:
+        print(f"Usage: {sys.argv[0]} <filename> <binary_outdir> <figure_outdir>")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    plot_binary_data(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], sys.argv[3])
+
diff --git a/plot_xiaoqu.py b/plot_xiaoqu.py
index 6e843d0..47970cf 100755
--- a/plot_xiaoqu.py
+++ b/plot_xiaoqu.py
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ import os                                  ## operating system utilities
 
 import plot_binary_data
 import AMSS_NCKU_Input as input_data
-from parallel_plot_helper import run_plot_tasks_parallel
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import multiprocessing
 
 # plt.rcParams['text.usetex'] = True  ## enable LaTeX fonts in plots
 
@@ -53,13 +55,40 @@ def generate_binary_data_plot( binary_outdir, figure_outdir ):
         file_list.append(x)
         print(x)
 
-    ## Plot each file in the list (in parallel)
-    plot_tasks = []
+    ## Plot each file in parallel using subprocesses.
+    ## Each subprocess is a fresh Python process where the BLAS thread-count
+    ## environment variables (set at the top of plot_binary_data.py) take
+    ## effect before numpy is imported.  This avoids the thread explosion
+    ## that occurs when multiprocessing.Pool with 'fork' context inherits
+    ## already-initialized multi-threaded BLAS from the parent.
+    script = os.path.join( os.path.dirname(__file__), "plot_binary_data.py" )
+    max_workers = min( multiprocessing.cpu_count(), len(file_list) ) if file_list else 0
+
+    running = []
+    failed  = []
     for filename in file_list:
         print(filename)
-        plot_tasks.append( ( plot_binary_data.plot_binary_data, (filename, binary_outdir, figure_outdir) ) )
+        proc = subprocess.Popen(
+            [sys.executable, script, filename, binary_outdir, figure_outdir],
+        )
+        running.append( (proc, filename) )
+        ## Keep at most max_workers subprocesses active at a time
+        if len(running) >= max_workers:
+            p, fn = running.pop(0)
+            p.wait()
+            if p.returncode != 0:
+                failed.append(fn)
 
-    run_plot_tasks_parallel(plot_tasks)
+    ## Wait for all remaining subprocesses to finish
+    for p, fn in running:
+        p.wait()
+        if p.returncode != 0:
+            failed.append(fn)
+
+    if failed:
+        print( " WARNING: the following binary data plots failed:" )
+        for fn in failed:
+            print( "   ", fn )
 
     print(                        )
     print( " Binary Data Plot Has been Finished " )